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Sexual Dimorphism in Cancers: Gender-Related Mechanisms in Cancer Development

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2024) | Viewed by 1856

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
CRAN UMR7039 CNRS UL, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
Interests: hormone sensitive tumors; multiscale networks; gliomas; estrogen signaling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sexual dimorphism is a clear but mostly neglected phenotype for most human non-reproductive cancers, and investigations of the underlying mechanisms are barely conducted. Hormonal aspects have usually been considered the major drivers of sex differences in tumors; however, more recently other pathways, such as epigenetics, stem cell renewal, immunity, or metabolism, have been highlighted as important contributors.

The purpose of this Special Issue of IJMS is to explore how sex and gender issues may act in influencing the lifestyle, physiology, cell proliferation or differentiation control, and molecular pathways that underpin tumor development and patient responses in men versus women. Moreover, sex-specific cancer traits that impact diagnoses, clinical practice, patient care, and responses to standard treatments should be highlighted to help precision medicine. This Special Issue will also focus on how tumor-related processes can be determined or modified by sex-dependent issues. The Special Issue will cover studies considering patient cohort analyses, animal models, biochemical and/or experimental studies investigating molecular pathways, and reviews exploring new insights into the impacts of sex and gender on cancers.

Dr. Helene Dumond
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gender and sex differences
  • tumor biology
  • precision medicine

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 3077 KiB  
Article
Sexual Dimorphism of Skeletal Muscle in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer: A Functional and Molecular Analysis
by Lauren E. Rentz, Marcella A. Whetsell, Stuart A. Clayton, Alan D. Mizener, Ida Holásková, Matthew G. Chapa, Emily H. Hoblitzell, Timothy D. Eubank and Emidio E. Pistilli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11669; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411669 - 19 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1478
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence in men is statistically rare; however, given the lack of screening in males, more advanced stages at initial diagnosis result in lower 5-year survival rates for men with breast cancer compared to women. A sexual dimorphism, with respect to the [...] Read more.
Breast cancer incidence in men is statistically rare; however, given the lack of screening in males, more advanced stages at initial diagnosis result in lower 5-year survival rates for men with breast cancer compared to women. A sexual dimorphism, with respect to the effect of tumor growth on cachexia incidence and severity, has also been reported across cancer types. The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual dimorphism of breast cancer as it pertains to skeletal muscle function and molecular composition. Using female and male transgenic PyMT mice, we tested the hypothesis that the isometric contractile properties and molecular composition of skeletal muscle would be differentially affected by breast tumors. PyMT tumor-bearing mice of each sex, corresponding to maximal tumor burden, were compared to their respective controls. RNA sequencing of skeletal muscle revealed different pathway alterations that were exclusive to each sex. Further, differentially expressed genes and pathways were substantially more abundant in female tumor mice, with only minimal dysregulation in male tumor mice, each compared to their respective controls. These differences in the transcriptome were mirrored in isometric contractile properties, with greater tumor-induced dysfunction in females than male mice, as well as muscle wasting. Collectively, these data support the concept of sexually dimorphic responses to cancer in skeletal muscle and suggest that these responses may be associated with the clinical differences in breast cancer between the sexes. The identified sex-dependent pathways within the muscle of male and female mice provide a framework to evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting tumor-associated skeletal muscle alterations. Full article
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