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Understanding Sepsis: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics and Early Intervention

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 2853

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
Interests: sepsis; anaphylaxis; immunology; emergency medicine; biomarkers; critical illness

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We welcome submissions for this latest Special Issue focussing on understanding sepsis. The clinical recognition and management of sepsis is complicated by its heterogeneity. There are numerous potential sources of infection, variability in individual patient responses and hence variations in severity. Despite this and the significant efforts to define the best treatment for sepsis, treatment usually involves the administration of fluids, antibiotics and vasopressors designed to re-balance physiological parameters. Novel insight into sepsis pathophysiology is important to understand and recognize this illness and will enable the much-needed innovations in treatment.

This issue will focus on the latest advances in:

  • The complex pathophysiological features of sepsis;
  • Molecular diagnostics and novel biomarkers;
  • Innovations in early interventions.

Manuscripts suitable for this issue will describe human studies or pre-clinical models that provide molecular insight into these themes. Review and original research articles are welcome.

Dr. Erika Bosio
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • inflammation
  • coagulation
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • sepsis
  • septic shock
  • organ failure
  • resuscitation
  • antibiotics
  • infection

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2046 KiB  
Article
Effects of Oxiris® Therapy on Cytokine Elimination after a LPS Infusion—An Experimental Animal Study
by Armin Kalenka, Philipp Arens, Ralf M. Müllenbach, Markus A. Weigand, Maik Brune and Mascha O. Fiedler-Kalenka
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9283; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179283 - 27 Aug 2024
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Abstract
The clinical effectiveness of Oxiris®, particularly in reducing cytokines, remains uncertain due to the limited data provided. This study explored and analyzed the application value of Oxiris® endotoxin adsorption technology in a large animal model. Pigs received an intravenous LPS [...] Read more.
The clinical effectiveness of Oxiris®, particularly in reducing cytokines, remains uncertain due to the limited data provided. This study explored and analyzed the application value of Oxiris® endotoxin adsorption technology in a large animal model. Pigs received an intravenous LPS infusion. Six animals were treated 2 h after the infusion with an Oxiris® hemadsorption using a pumpless extracorporeal technique for 6 h. Five animals served as controls. Cardiocirculatory parameters, hyperspectral analysis, and a panel of cytokines were measured. The lipopolysaccharide infusion induced sepsis-like inflammation with tachycardia, elevated pulmonary pressure, elevated lactate level, as well as elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, increases of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1ra and IL-10 were found. After 3 and 6 h in both groups, pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced. No differences between the intervention and the control group could be detected after 3 and 6 h for IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α, suggesting no effect of the Oxiris® filter on the elimination of elevated cytokines with a pumpless extracorporeal hemadsorption technique. The presented large animal model may be a promising option for studying the effects of hemadsorption techniques. Full article
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Review

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17 pages, 1885 KiB  
Review
Current Perspectives of Mitochondria in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy
by Tatsuki Kuroshima, Satoshi Kawaguchi and Motoi Okada
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 4710; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094710 - 26 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is one of the leading indicators for poor prognosis associated with sepsis. Despite its reversibility, prognosis varies widely among patients. Mitochondria play a key role in cellular energy production by generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is vital for myocardial energy [...] Read more.
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is one of the leading indicators for poor prognosis associated with sepsis. Despite its reversibility, prognosis varies widely among patients. Mitochondria play a key role in cellular energy production by generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is vital for myocardial energy metabolism. Over recent years, mounting evidence suggests that severe sepsis not only triggers mitochondrial structural abnormalities such as apoptosis, incomplete autophagy, and mitophagy in cardiomyocytes but also compromises their function, leading to ATP depletion. This metabolic disruption is recognized as a significant contributor to SICM, yet effective treatment options remain elusive. Sepsis cannot be effectively treated with inotropic drugs in failing myocardium due to excessive inflammatory factors that blunt β-adrenergic receptors. This review will share the recent knowledge on myocardial cell death in sepsis and its molecular mechanisms, focusing on the role of mitochondria as an important metabolic regulator of SICM, and discuss the potential for developing therapies for sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Full article
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