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Interaction between Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunity in the Gastrointestinal Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 13207

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hirokazu Fukui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
Interests: gut microbiome; inflammation; functional gastrointestinal disorders; gut hormone; pathology; carcinogenesis; inflammatory bowel disease; mucosal barrier; immunity; metabolomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Toshihiko Tomita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
Interests: functional gastrointestinal disorders; inflammatory bowel disease; motility; clinical trial; pharmacology; neurogastroenterology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This section aims enable rapid publication of contributions on all aspects of molecular pathology. Not only experimental studies but also translational research and clinical trials are acceptable. Clinical trials/data only are not acceptable.

The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal disorders. Indeed, dysbiosis is significantly involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease, functional gastrointestinal disorders, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and gastrointestinal cancers. However, it remains unclear how the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of those diseases. To clarify this issue, the interaction between gut microbiome and mucosal immunity is certainly a key phenomenon, and the disruption of mucosal barrier function is integrally involved in such an interaction as a cause and/or a result. On the other hand, various factors including antibiotics, psychological stress or diet are known to alter not only the gut microbiome profile but also mucosal barrier function, inducing mucosal immune system activation and gastrointestinal minimal inflammation. In these contexts, this Special Issue aims to collect original research and review articles concerning new insights into the interaction between gut microbiome and gastrointestinal immune system in the gastrointestinal disorders, focusing its associated factors (antibiotics, psychological stress or diet, etc.) and resultant gastrointestinal minimal inflammation.

Dr. Hirokazu Fukui
Dr. Toshihiko Tomita
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • inflammation
  • carcinogenesis
  • functional gastrointestinal disorders
  • gut hormone
  • microbiome
  • intestinal mucosal immunity
  • mucosal barrier
  • metabolic disorder
  • molecular pathology
  • genetic and epigenetic mechanism

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3750 KiB  
Article
Lactobacillus rhamnosus CY12 Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function by Regulating Tight Junction Protein Expression, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Response in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Caco-2 Cells
by Juanshan Zheng, Anum Ali Ahmad, Yayuan Yang, Zeyi Liang, Wenxiang Shen, Min Feng, Jiahao Shen, Xianyong Lan and Xuezhi Ding
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11162; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911162 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3885
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is vital for preventing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objectives of this study were to assess whether the Lactobacillus rhamnosus CY12 could alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation, and the disruption of tight junction (TJ) barrier functions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and [...] Read more.
The intestinal barrier is vital for preventing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objectives of this study were to assess whether the Lactobacillus rhamnosus CY12 could alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation, and the disruption of tight junction (TJ) barrier functions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and therefore to explore the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that LPS-induced Cancer coli-2 (Caco-2) cells significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase, inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), and the cell apoptosis rate while decreasing the levels of TJ proteins occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and claudin and antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase(CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) (p < 0.05). However, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CY12 could relieve cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, and also inhibit the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B(TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the mRNA and protein expressions of TJ proteins, was improved. Particularly, the concentration of 108 cfu/mL significantly prevented the inflammatory injury induced by LPS in Caco-2 cells (p < 0.05). These findings support a potential application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CY12 as a probiotic to prevent LPS-induced intestinal injury and treat intestinal barrier dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction between Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunity in the Gastrointestinal Disorders)
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12 pages, 2139 KiB  
Article
Duodenal Dysbiosis and Relation to the Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Functional Dyspepsia
by Lucas Wauters, Raúl Y. Tito, Matthias Ceulemans, Maarten Lambaerts, Alison Accarie, Leen Rymenans, Chloë Verspecht, Joran Toth, Raf Mols, Patrick Augustijns, Jan Tack, Tim Vanuytsel and Jeroen Raes
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13609; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413609 - 19 Dec 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3346
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may improve symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) through duodenal eosinophil-reducing effects. However, the contribution of the microbiome to FD symptoms and its interaction with PPI remains elusive. Aseptic duodenal brushings and biopsies were performed before and after PPI intake [...] Read more.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may improve symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) through duodenal eosinophil-reducing effects. However, the contribution of the microbiome to FD symptoms and its interaction with PPI remains elusive. Aseptic duodenal brushings and biopsies were performed before and after PPI intake (4 weeks Pantoprazole 40 mg daily, FD-starters and controls) or withdrawal (2 months, FD-stoppers) for 16S-rRNA sequencing. Between- and within-group changes in genera or diversity and associations with symptoms or duodenal factors were analyzed. In total, 30 controls, 28 FD-starters and 19 FD-stoppers were followed. Mucus-associated Porphyromonas was lower in FD-starters vs. controls and correlated with symptoms in FD and duodenal eosinophils in both groups, while Streptococcus correlated with eosinophils in controls. Although clinical and eosinophil-reducing effects of PPI therapy were unrelated to microbiota changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus was associated with duodenal PPI effects in controls and remained higher despite withdrawal of long-term PPI therapy in FD-stoppers. Thus, duodenal microbiome analysis demonstrated differential mucus-associated genera, with a potential role of Porphyromonas in FD pathophysiology. While beneficial effects of short-term PPI therapy were not associated with microbial changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus and its association with PPIeffects in controls suggest a role for duodenal dysbiosis after long-term PPI therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction between Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunity in the Gastrointestinal Disorders)
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Review

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14 pages, 983 KiB  
Review
The Potential Role of REG Family Proteins in Inflammatory and Inflammation-Associated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
by Chao Sun, Xiaoyu Wang, Yangyang Hui, Hirokazu Fukui, Bangmao Wang and Hiroto Miwa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 7196; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137196 - 3 Jul 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4999
Abstract
Regenerating gene (REG) family proteins serve as multifunctional secretory molecules with trophic, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and probably immuno-regulatory effects. Since their discovery, accumulating evidence has clarified the potential roles of the REG family in the occurrence, progression and development of a wide range [...] Read more.
Regenerating gene (REG) family proteins serve as multifunctional secretory molecules with trophic, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and probably immuno-regulatory effects. Since their discovery, accumulating evidence has clarified the potential roles of the REG family in the occurrence, progression and development of a wide range of inflammatory and inflammation-associated diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, significant gaps still exist due to the undefined nature of certain receptors, regulatory signaling pathways and possible interactions among distinct Reg members. In this narrative review, we first describe the structural features, distribution pattern and purported regulatory mechanisms of REG family proteins. Furthermore, we summarize the established and proposed roles of REG proteins in the pathogenesis of various inflammation-associated pathologies of the GI tract and the body as a whole, focusing particularly on carcinogenesis in the ulcerative colitis—colitic cancer sequence and gastric cancer. Finally, the clinical relevance of REG products in the context of diagnosis, treatment and prognostication are also discussed in detail. The current evidence suggests a need to better understanding the versatile roles of Reg family proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory-associated diseases, and their broadened future usage as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is anticipated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction between Gut Microbiome and Mucosal Immunity in the Gastrointestinal Disorders)
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