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Challenges of Acute Ischemic Stroke

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 525

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Human Neurosciences, Neuroradiology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: acute ischemic stroke

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Its incidence is increasing because the population ages. Although the handling of acute stroke has improved considerably in the past few decades, recent data revealed that two in three patients with ischemic stroke were either dead or functionally dependent at 5 years post-stroke. Mechanical thrombectomy direct or combined with intravenous thrombolysis, is a highly effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke from large vessel occlusion and is bound to high rates of successful recanalization and good clinical outcome. The success of endovascular treatment is the best predictor of clinical outcome in treated patients, nonetheless a substantial part of patients who reached a successful recanalization do not reach functional independence after 90 days from the event. This underlines the importance of this clinical problem and the urgency to ameliorate the therapeutic strategies. To date, it is crucial to understand the type of microvascular damage that occurs after an ischemic stroke in order to identify potential new molecular therapies targeting the microvascular level to prevent further damage. The early identification of such patients would allow the selection of cases that could benefit from targeted therapeutic interventions aimed to ameliorate the vascular reperfusion of the microcirculation to improve clinical outcomes.

Therefore, in this Special Issue the authors are invited to submit papers related to “Challenges of Acute Ischemic Stroke”. These papers can focus on treatment and clinical studies exploring new perspective of molecular therapy of acute ischemic stroke.

Dr. Marta Iacobucci
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • stroke
  • endovascular treatment
  • intravenous thrombolysis
  • futile recanalization
  • microvascular therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1769 KiB  
Article
Role of Endothelin-1 and Nitric Oxide in Acute Ischemic Stroke Leptomeningeal Collateral Activation
by Marta Iacobucci, Angela Risitano, Paolo Amisano, Irene Berto, Roberto Carnevale, Vittoria Cammisotto, Francesco Biraschi, Carlo Cirelli, Maria Teresa Di Mascio, Danilo Toni, Svetlana Lorenzano and Manuela De Michele
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3205; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073205 - 30 Mar 2025
Viewed by 187
Abstract
Good leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) after large vessel occlusion (LVO) extend the time window for endovascular therapy. The mechanisms regulating LMC activation are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of two vasoactive molecules endothelin-1 (ET-1)—a vasoconstrictor [...] Read more.
Good leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) after large vessel occlusion (LVO) extend the time window for endovascular therapy. The mechanisms regulating LMC activation are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of two vasoactive molecules endothelin-1 (ET-1)—a vasoconstrictor agent—and nitric oxide (NO)—a vasodilator agent—in the regulation of post-stroke LMCs. Ischemic stroke patients within 6 h of LVO were included. Collateral status was assessed using the Menon scoring system based on computed tomography angiography scans. Patients were accordingly divided into three groups: poor, intermediate, and good LMCs. Recanalization was evaluated using the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score. Serum levels of ET-1 and NO were measured at three time points: T0 (<6 h), T1 (24 h), and T2 (48 h). A total of 105 patients were enrolled (mean age 76 ± 12.8 years): 44 with good (46.2%), 36 with intermediate (37.8%), and 22 with poor LMCs (23.1%). NO values decreased, whereas ET-1 values increased from T0 to T1 in all groups of patients. No significant association was found between serum ET-1 levels and collateral status. Higher ET-1 levels at T1 correlated with poor outcome regardless of the LMC status or the degree of recanalization (p = 0.030). A significant linear positive correlation was revealed at T0 between high levels of ET-1 and the neutrophil count (Spearman’s rho = 0.236, p = 0.035). Subgroup analysis showed a significant inverse correlation at T1 between NO and the collateral score (Spearman’s rho = −0.251, p = 0.021). Although we observed no significant association between LMC score and serum ET-1 concentrations, at 24 h higher ET-1 serum levels were predictive of poor outcome and higher NO levels were correlated with poor collateral status. These findings may indicate an inadequate microvascular reperfusion, possibly due to ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction, neutrophil activation, and NO-mediated oxidative stress, suggesting their potential role in the no-reflow phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges of Acute Ischemic Stroke)
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