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Olive Oil and Derivatives for Human Health
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Olive Oil and Derivatives for Human Health

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 13043

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Amal Kaddoumi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Harrison College of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Interests: Alzheimer's disease; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; blood-brain barrier; neuroinflammation; amyloid-beta
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to contribute to our Special Issue in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) entitled “Olive Oil and Derivatives for Human Health”. This Special Issue will cover a selection of recent research topics and current review articles reporting the latest updates related to olive oil and human health.

Traditionally, olive oil has been known as one of the main elements of the Mediterranean diet, which recently became popular worldwide. Olive oil is well recognized for its beneficial effect on health. Several epidemiological and clinical studies have linked olive oil intake with lower total mortality and disease-specific mortality caused by cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Olive oil constitutes two major components: monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolic compounds, individually and collectively responsible for olive oil’s health-promoting properties. Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported the protective effects of olive oil and its phenolic compounds, which have been attributed to various mechanisms. In addition to its lipid- and blood glucose-lowering effects, olive oil possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

This Special Issue focuses on preclinical research utilizing in vitro and in vivo models, genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, neuroimmunology, and pharmacology approaches to recognize olive oil, its phenolic compounds, and other derivatives’ roles in human health and disease protection. While clinical trials are not the focus of this Special Issue, clinical trials with mechanistic studies are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Amal Kaddoumi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • extra-virgin olive oil
  • olive oil
  • oleic acid
  • EVOO phenolics
  • oleocanthal
  • olive leaf extract
  • human diseases
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • cardiovascular disease
  • cancer
  • mechanism of action

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1913 KiB  
Article
Oleuropein, a Component of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Improves Liver Steatosis and Lobular Inflammation by Lipopolysaccharides–TLR4 Axis Downregulation
by Leonardo Schirone, Diletta Overi, Guido Carpino, Roberto Carnevale, Elena De Falco, Cristina Nocella, Alessandra D’Amico, Simona Bartimoccia, Vittoria Cammisotto, Valentina Castellani, Giacomo Frati, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Eugenio Gaudio, Pasquale Pignatelli, Domenico Alvaro and Francesco Violi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5580; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115580 - 21 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Gut-dysbiosis-induced lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation into systemic circulation has been suggested to be implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess if oleuropein (OLE), a component of extra virgin olive oil, lowers high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced endotoxemia and, eventually, liver steatosis. [...] Read more.
Gut-dysbiosis-induced lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation into systemic circulation has been suggested to be implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess if oleuropein (OLE), a component of extra virgin olive oil, lowers high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced endotoxemia and, eventually, liver steatosis. An immunohistochemistry analysis of the intestine and liver was performed in (i) control mice (CTR; n = 15), (ii) high-fat-diet fed (HFD) mice (HFD; n = 16), and (iii) HFD mice treated with 6 µg/day of OLE for 30 days (HFD + OLE, n = 13). The HFD mice developed significant liver steatosis compared to the controls, an effect that was significantly reduced in the HFD + OLE-treated mice. The amount of hepatocyte LPS localization and the number of TLR4+ macrophages were higher in the HFD mice in the than controls and were lowered in the HFD + OLE-treated mice. The number of CD42b+ platelets was increased in the liver sinusoids of the HFD mice compared to the controls and decreased in the HFD + OLE-treated mice. Compared to the controls, the HFD-treated mice showed a high percentage of intestine PAS+ goblet cells, an increased length of intestinal crypts, LPS localization and TLR4+ expression, and occludin downregulation, an effect counteracted in the HFD + OLE-treated mice. The HFD-fed animals displayed increased systemic levels of LPS and zonulin, but they were reduced in the HFD + OLE-treated animals. It can be seen that OLE administration improves liver steatosis and inflammation in association with decreased LPS translocation into the systemic circulation, hepatocyte localization of LPS and TLR4 downregulation in HFD-induced mouse model of NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Oil and Derivatives for Human Health)
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21 pages, 3084 KiB  
Article
Acute Antiplatelet Effects of an Oleocanthal-Rich Olive Oil in Type II Diabetic Patients: A Postprandial Study
by Maria Efthymia Katsa, Kleopatra Ketselidi, Marianna Kalliostra, Anastasios Ioannidis, Andrea Paola Rojas Gil, Panagiotis Diamantakos, Eleni Melliou, Prokopios Magiatis and Tzortzis Nomikos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020908 - 11 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1548
Abstract
Postprandial dysmetabolism is a common entity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may act as a daily stressor of the already dysfunctional diabetic platelets. This study aims to investigate whether oleocanthal-rich olive oils (OO), incorporated into a carbohydrate-rich meal, can affect postprandial [...] Read more.
Postprandial dysmetabolism is a common entity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may act as a daily stressor of the already dysfunctional diabetic platelets. This study aims to investigate whether oleocanthal-rich olive oils (OO), incorporated into a carbohydrate-rich meal, can affect postprandial dysmetabolism and platelet aggregation. Oleocanthal is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor with putative antiplatelet properties. In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover study, ten T2DM patients consumed five isocaloric meals containing 120 g white bread combined with: (i) 39 g butter, (ii) 39 g butter and 400 mg ibuprofen, (iii) 40 mL OO (phenolic content < 10 mg/Kg), (iv) 40 mL OO with 250 mg/Kg oleocanthal and (v) 40 mL OO with 500 mg/Kg oleocanthal. Metabolic markers along with ex vivo ADP- and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-induced platelet aggregation were measured before and for 4 h after the meals. The glycemic and lipidemic response was similar between meals. However, a sustained (90–240 min) dose-dependent reduction in platelets’ sensitivity to both ADP (50–100%) and TRAP (20–50%) was observed after the oleocanthal meals in comparison to OO or butter meals. The antiplatelet effect of the OO containing 500 mg/Kg oleocanthal was comparable to that of the ibuprofen meal. In conclusion, the consumption of meals containing oleocanthal-rich OO can reduce platelet activity during the postprandial period, irrespective of postprandial hyperglycemia and lipidemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Oil and Derivatives for Human Health)
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Review

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31 pages, 1382 KiB  
Review
Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Polyphenols Derived from the European Olive Tree, Olea europaea L., in Long COVID and Other Conditions Involving Cognitive Impairment
by Paraskevi Papadopoulou, Alexia Polissidis, Georgia Kythreoti, Marina Sagnou, Athena Stefanatou and Theoharis C. Theoharides
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11040; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011040 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1684
Abstract
The European olive tree, Olea europaea L., and its polyphenols hold great therapeutic potential to treat neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. This review examines the evidence for the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of olive polyphenols and their potential in the treatment of long COVID [...] Read more.
The European olive tree, Olea europaea L., and its polyphenols hold great therapeutic potential to treat neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. This review examines the evidence for the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of olive polyphenols and their potential in the treatment of long COVID and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Key findings suggest that olive polyphenols exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antiviral properties, making them promising candidates for therapeutic intervention, especially when formulated in unique combinations. Recommendations for future research directions include elucidating molecular pathways through mechanistic studies, exploring the therapeutic implications of olive polyphenol supplementation, and conducting clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety. Investigating potential synergistic effects with other agents addressing different targets is suggested for further exploration. The evidence reviewed strengthens the translational value of olive polyphenols in conditions involving cognitive dysfunction and emphasizes the novelty of new formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Oil and Derivatives for Human Health)
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15 pages, 647 KiB  
Review
Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Metabolic Diseases
by Vasilis Tsimihodimos and Ourania Psoma
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158117 - 25 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1653
Abstract
Over the last few decades, metabolic syndrome coexisting with cardiovascular disease has evolved into a pandemic, making the need for more food-oriented therapeutic approaches and a redefinition of lifestyle imperative, with the Mediterranean diet being the linchpin of this effort. Extra virgin olive [...] Read more.
Over the last few decades, metabolic syndrome coexisting with cardiovascular disease has evolved into a pandemic, making the need for more food-oriented therapeutic approaches and a redefinition of lifestyle imperative, with the Mediterranean diet being the linchpin of this effort. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the key pillar of the Mediterranean diet and one of the most notorious edible oils worldwide, owes its popularity not only to its characteristic aromas and taste but mainly to a series of beneficial health attributes including anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive and anti-obesity actions. In this narrative review, we aimed to illustrate and enlighten EVOO’s metabolic properties through a pathogenetic approach, investigating its potential role in metabolic and cardiovascular health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Oil and Derivatives for Human Health)
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20 pages, 2427 KiB  
Review
Extra-Virgin Olive Oil in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Cellular, Animal, and Clinical Studies
by Amer E. Alkhalifa, Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah and Amal Kaddoumi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1914; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031914 - 5 Feb 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4809
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by several pathological hallmarks, including the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Current treatment options include monoclonal antibody drugs, acetylcholinesterase, and n-methyl-d-aspartate [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by several pathological hallmarks, including the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Current treatment options include monoclonal antibody drugs, acetylcholinesterase, and n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. Although those treatments provide some improvements in patients’ quality of life, they fail to prevent or cure AD. Current research aims to identify novel targets and tools for AD prevention and modification. In this context, several studies showed the beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention and treatment of AD. One integral component of the Mediterranean diet is olive oil and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), which is high in phenolic compounds. EVOO and other olive-related phenolic compounds have been shown to reduce the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which EVOO and phenolic compounds exert neuroprotective effects, including modulation of AD pathologies and promotion of cognitive health. Findings indicate that EVOO and its phenolic constituents influence key pathological processes of AD, such as Aβ aggregation, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, while also enhancing BBB integrity and reducing oxidative stress. The human studies cited reveal a consistent trend where the consumption of olive oil is associated with cognitive benefits and a decreased risk of AD and related dementias. In conclusion, EVOO and its phenolic compounds hold promising potential for the prevention and treatment of AD, representing a significant shift towards more effective strategies against this complex neurodegenerative disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Oil and Derivatives for Human Health)
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