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Biomarkers in Cancer Immunology

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1767

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Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: biochemistry; exosomes; DNA damage
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Special Issue Information

Dear Cilleagues,

Cancer immunotherapy is now recognized as one of the main pillars of treatment alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in combination are considered the ideal strategy for treating metastatic cancer, as this combination can eliminate primary tumors and induce host immunity to control distant metastases. Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the power of the host immune system to fight against cancer. Several types of immunotherapy, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have achieved durable clinical responses, but their efficacies vary, and only subsets of cancer patients can benefit from them. Immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to play a key role in tumor development and will affect the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Comprehensive profiling of tumor-infiltrating immune cells would shed light on the mechanisms of cancer-immune evasion, thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Importantly, Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy achieved extraordinary results in antitumor treatments, especially against hematological malignancies, where it leads to remarkable, long-term antineoplastic effects with higher target specificity. Biomarkers play an important role in toxicity, relapse assessment, and efficacy prediction, and can be implicated in clinical applications of cancer immunotherapy and in establishing safe and efficacious personalized medicine. Therefore, improving our understanding of the progress in cancer immunotherapy may facilitate the elucidation of immune cell modulation in tumor progression.

Dr. Wioletta Olejarz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • immunotherapy
  • adoptive cell transfer
  • CAR-T cells
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors
  • tumor microenvironment
  • extracellular vesicles
  • biomarkers
  • miRNA
  • DNA

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 2364 KiB  
Review
Advancements in Personalized CAR-T Therapy: Comprehensive Overview of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies
by Wioletta Olejarz, Karol Sadowski, Daniel Szulczyk and Grzegorz Basak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7743; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147743 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1591
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a novel anticancer therapy using autologous or allogeneic T-cells. To date, six CAR-T therapies for specific B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM) have been approved by the Food and Drug [...] Read more.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a novel anticancer therapy using autologous or allogeneic T-cells. To date, six CAR-T therapies for specific B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Significant barriers to the effectiveness of CAR-T therapy include cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity in the case of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-SCT) graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), antigen escape, modest antitumor activity, restricted trafficking, limited persistence, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and senescence and exhaustion of CAR-Ts. Furthermore, cancer drug resistance remains a major problem in clinical practice. CAR-T therapy, in combination with checkpoint blockades and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) or other drugs, appears to be an appealing anticancer strategy. Many of these agents have shown impressive results, combining efficacy with tolerability. Biomarkers like extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor (ctDNA) and miRNAs may play an important role in toxicity, relapse assessment, and efficacy prediction, and can be implicated in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy and in establishing safe and efficacious personalized medicine. However, further research is required to fully comprehend the particular side effects of immunomodulation, to ascertain the best order and combination of this medication with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapies, and to find reliable predictive biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Cancer Immunology)
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