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Host Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Therapy
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Host Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Therapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 11869

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lorenzo Mortara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
Interests: human tumor angiogenesis; innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment; natural killer cells and macrophages in human cancers; evaluating novel immunotherapeutic interventions based on immunocitokynes TNF and IL-2, in combination setting against tumor development and metastasis in preclinical tumor murine models.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microbiota plays fundamental roles in the initiation, progression and therapy of cancer. This fact has been investigated, in particular, in the case of the intestinal microbiota but also for communities of microorganisms that colonize other districts of the body. In fact, the study of the interaction between microbiota and cancer has become, in only a few years, an extremely articulated field of investigation. In this Special Issue, we propose to investigate two aspects in particular: a) the study of the specific presence of particular species/strains of microbiota in the TME, even in tumors that originate in tissues commonly thought to be sterile, such as breast cancer; b) the microbiota ability to modulate neoangiogenesis in different pathological contexts, in particular, in the tumorigenesis. However, we invite authors to submit contributions in other investigative subareas as well. In particular, those of translational interests, thus the role of the microbiota in cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Dr. Lorenzo Mortara
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer
  • microbiota/microbiome
  • tumor microenvironment
  • symbiosis
  • angiogenesis
  • inflammatory cells
  • metastasis
  • immunotherapies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5068 KiB  
Article
Sturgeon Chondroitin Sulfate Restores the Balance of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Bearing Mice
by Ruiyun Wu, Qian Shen, Pinglan Li and Nan Shang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3723; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073723 - 28 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2813
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a well-known bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which can be extracted from animal cartilage or bone. Sturgeon, the largest soft bone animal with ~20% cartilage content, is a great candidate for CS production. Our recent study confirmed the [...] Read more.
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a well-known bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which can be extracted from animal cartilage or bone. Sturgeon, the largest soft bone animal with ~20% cartilage content, is a great candidate for CS production. Our recent study confirmed the role of sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (SCS) in reducing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. Here, we further studied the effect of SCS on modulating gut microbiome structure in colorectal cancer bearing mice. In this study, the transplanted tumor mice model was constructed to demonstrate that SCS can effectively halt the growth of transplanted colorectal tumor cells. Next, we showed that SCS significantly altered the gut microbiome, such as the abundance of Lactobacillales, Gastranaerophilales, Ruminiclostridiun_5 and Ruminiclostridiun_6. According to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and abundance map analysis of the microbial metabolic pathways, the changes in microbial abundance led to an increase of certain metabolites (e.g., Phe, Tyr, and Gly). Fecal metabolome results demonstrated that SCS can significantly reduce the amount of certain amino acids such as Phe, Pro, Ala, Tyr and Leu presented in the feces, suggesting that SCS might inhibit colorectal cancer growth by modulating the gut microbiome and altering the production of certain amino acids. Our results revealed the therapeutic potential of SCS to facilitate treatment of colorectal cancer. This study provides insights into the development of novel food-derived therapies for colorectal cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Therapy)
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Review

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21 pages, 2710 KiB  
Review
Microbiome and Prostate Cancer: A Novel Target for Prevention and Treatment
by Natasa Kustrimovic, Raffaella Bombelli, Denisa Baci and Lorenzo Mortara
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1511; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021511 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5443
Abstract
Growing evidence of the microbiome’s role in human health and disease has emerged since the creation of the Human Microbiome Project. Recent studies suggest that alterations in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) may play an essential role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate [...] Read more.
Growing evidence of the microbiome’s role in human health and disease has emerged since the creation of the Human Microbiome Project. Recent studies suggest that alterations in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) may play an essential role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa), which remains the second most frequent male malignancy worldwide. Current advances in biological technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, have enabled research on the gut, urinary, and intra-prostate microbiome signature and the correlation with local and systemic inflammation, host immunity response, and PCa progression. Several microbial species and their metabolites facilitate PCa insurgence through genotoxin-mediated mutagenesis or by driving tumor-promoting inflammation and dysfunctional immunosurveillance. However, the impact of the microbiome on PCa development, progression, and response to treatment is complex and needs to be fully understood. This review addresses the current knowledge on the host–microbe interaction and the risk of PCa, providing novel insights into the intraprostatic, gut, and urinary microbiome mechanisms leading to PCa carcinogenesis and treatment response. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of diet changes, gut microbiome, and emerging therapeutic approaches related to the microbiome and PCa. Further investigation on the prostate-related microbiome and large-scale clinical trials testing the efficacy of microbiota modulation approaches may improve patient outcomes while fulfilling the literature gap of microbial–immune–cancer-cell mechanistic interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Therapy)
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13 pages, 752 KiB  
Review
Prostate Infiltration by Treg and Th17 Cells as an Immune Response to Propionibacterium acnes Infection in the Course of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
by Sebastian Radej, Monika Szewc and Ryszard Maciejewski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 8849; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23168849 - 9 Aug 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2953
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. It has been proposed that prostate chronic inflammation is a risk factor for the development of both BPH and PCa. However, potential stimuli that cause or [...] Read more.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. It has been proposed that prostate chronic inflammation is a risk factor for the development of both BPH and PCa. However, potential stimuli that cause or maintain inflammation in the prostate gland are still poorly characterized. Bacterial infections seems to be one of the potential sources of prostatitis. Recent studies show that Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is the most prevalent microorganism in the prostate gland and may be a predisposing factor for inflammation of prostatic tissue. It indicates that P. acnes may contribute to cancer development by enhancing proinflammatory responses, as well as by modifying the prostate extracellular environment. In this review, we discuss the potential role of P. acnes in the development of BPH and PCa and highlight the importance of regulatory T CD4(+)FoxP3(+) (Treg) and Th17 cells in response to P. acnes infection in the context of both prostate diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Therapy)
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