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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2024) | Viewed by 14815

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Dr. Yusuke Takahashi

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Guest Editor

Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Interests: wound healing; pulp capping materials; dentinogenesis; proteomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dental materials are constantly evolving based on the accumulation of scientific evidence. Innovative materials can help in cases that were previously difficult to treat and contribute to the improvement of patients' quality of life (QOL). Few dental materials have been commercialized based on scientific evidence from the beginning of their development, so it is important to accumulate knowledge of the material biology of existing materials. This topic will include up-to-date and high-quality reports on the latest dental materials developed based on various concepts. In addition, reports on materials that have already been applied in clinical dentistry but whose properties have not been evaluated until now, due to the recent development of evaluation methods, are also expected.

Leading by Dr. Yusuke Takahashi and assisting by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Motoki Okamoto (Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry), this topic will include reports on novel dental materials developed based on various concepts, original research, clinical studies and review papers. We also welcome reports on dental materials that have already been clinically applied, but for which new aspects of scientific findings have been discovered due to the recent development and advancement of evaluation methods.

Dr. Yusuke Takahashi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

dental materials
material science
material interaction
biomaterials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 18333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Topography and Composition of Commercial Titanium Dental Implants on Cell Adhesion of Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study

by Vanessa Campos-Bijit, Nicolás Cohn Inostroza, Rocío Orellana, Alejandro Rivera, Alfredo Von Marttens, Cristian Cortez and Cristian Covarrubias

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16686; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316686 - 24 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1085

Abstract

The topography and composition of dental implant surfaces directly impact mesenchymal cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, crucial aspects of achieving osseointegration. However, cell adhesion to biomaterials is considered a key step that drives cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize characterize the topography and composition of commercial titanium dental implants manufactured with different surface treatments (two sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) (INNO Implants, Busan, Republic of Korea; BioHorizons^TM, Oceanside, CA, USA) and two calcium phosphate (CaP) treated (Biounite^®, Berazategui, Argentina; Zimmer Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA)) and to investigate their influence on the process of cell adhesion in vitro. A smooth surface implant (Zimmer Biomet, Inc.) was used as a control. For that, high-resolution methodologies such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed. Protein adsorption and retromolar gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) adhesion to the implant surfaces were evaluated after 48 h. The adherent cells were examined by SEM and LSCM for morphologic and quantitative analyses. ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05) were employed to determine statistical significance. SEM revealed that INNO, BioHorizons^TM, and Zimmer implants have an irregular surface, whereas Biounite^® has a regular topography consisting of an ordered pattern. EDX confirmed a calcium and phosphate layer on the Biounite^® and Zimmer surfaces, and AFM exhibited different roughness parameters. Protein adsorption and cell adhesion were detected on all the implant surfaces studied. However, the Biounite^® implant with CaP and regular topography showed the highest protein adsorption capacity and density of adherent GMSCs. Although the Zimmer implant also had a CaP treatment, protein and cell adhesion levels were lower than those observed with Biounite^®. Our findings indicated that the surface regularity of the implants is a more determinant factor in the cell adhesion process than the CaP treatment. A regular, nanostructured, hydrophilic, and moderately rough topography generates a higher protein adsorption capacity and thus promotes more efficient cell adhesion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Dental Materials)

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17 pages, 5589 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasma Surface Modification of 3Y-TZP at Low and Atmospheric Pressures with Different Treatment Times

by Sung Un Kang, Chul-Ho Kim, Sanghyun You, Da-Young Lee, Yu-Kwon Kim, Seung-Joo Kim, Chang-Koo Kim and Hee-Kyung Kim

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7663; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087663 - 21 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1757

Abstract

The efficiency of plasma surface modifications depends on the operating conditions. This study investigated the effect of chamber pressure and plasma exposure time on the surface properties of 3Y-TZP with N₂/Ar gas. Plate-shaped zirconia specimens were randomly divided into two categories: vacuum plasma and atmospheric plasma. Each group was subdivided into five subgroups according to the treatment time: 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. Following the plasma treatments, we characterized the surface properties, including wettability, chemical composition, crystal structure, surface morphology, and zeta potential. These were analyzed through various techniques, such as contact angle measurement, XPS, XRD, SEM, FIB, CLSM, and electrokinetic measurements. The atmospheric plasma treatments increased zirconia’s electron donation (

γ^{-}

) capacity, while the vacuum plasma treatments decreased

γ^{-}

parameter with increasing times. The highest concentration of the basic hydroxyl OH(b) groups was identified after a 5 min exposure to atmospheric plasmas. With longer exposure times, the vacuum plasmas induce electrical damage. Both plasma systems increased the zeta potential of 3Y-TZP, showing positive values in a vacuum. In the atmosphere, the zeta potential rapidly increased after 1 min. Atmospheric plasma treatments would be beneficial for the adsorption of oxygen and nitrogen from ambient air and the generation of various active species on the zirconia surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Dental Materials)

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17 pages, 3030 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Ceramic and Dentin Thicknesses and Type of Resin-Based Luting Agents on Intrapulpal Temperature Changes during Luting of Ceramic Inlays

by Dóra Kincses, Dóra Jordáki, Donát Szebeni, Sándor Kunsági-Máté, József Szalma and Edina Lempel

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5466; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065466 - 13 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1490

Abstract

The adhesive cementation of ceramic inlays may increase pulpal temperature (PT) and induce pulpal damage due to heat generated by the curing unit and the exothermic reaction of the luting agent (LA). The aim was to measure the PT rise during ceramic inlay cementation by testing different combinations of dentin and ceramic thicknesses and LAs. The PT changes were detected using a thermocouple sensor positioned in the pulp chamber of a mandibular molar. Gradual occlusal reduction obtained dentin thicknesses of 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0 mm. Light-cured (LC) and dual-cured (DC) adhesive cements and preheated restorative resin-based composite (RBC) were applied to luting of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm lithium disilicate ceramic blocks. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to compare the thermal conductivity of dentin and ceramic slices. Although ceramic reduced heat delivered by the curing unit, the exothermic reaction of the LAs significantly increased it in each investigated combination (5.4–7.9 °C). Temperature changes were predominantly influenced by dentin thickness followed by LA and ceramic thickness. Thermal conductivity of dentin was 24% lower than that of ceramic, and its thermal capacity was 86% higher. Regardless of the ceramic thickness, adhesive inlay cementation can significantly increase the PT, especially when the remaining dentin thickness is <2 mm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Dental Materials)

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12 pages, 1492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness and Safety of Over-the-Counter Tooth-Whitening Agents Compared to Hydrogen Peroxide In Vitro

by Lena Katharina Müller-Heupt, Nadine Wiesmann-Imilowski, Sebahat Kaya, Sven Schumann, Maximilian Steiger, Monika Bjelopavlovic, James Deschner, Bilal Al-Nawas and Karl Martin Lehmann

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 1956; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031956 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5110

Abstract

(1) This study investigated the whitening effect, cytotoxicity and enamel surface alterations induced by different over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents in comparison to hydrogen peroxide. (2) Human teeth (n = 60) were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n = 10), stained with coffee solution for 7 d, followed by a whitening period of 7 d with either placebo, bromelain, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chlorite, PAP or hydrogen peroxide. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) were taken to assess the enamel structure. Cytotoxicity of the tested substances was assessed based on the cell viability of primary human fibroblasts. (3) The application of all whitening gels resulted in a greater color difference of the enamel (ΔE) in comparison to the negative control. Hydrogen peroxide caused the greatest color difference. Bromelain and PAP treatment showed no enamel surface changes, in contrast to hydrogen peroxide treatment, which showed very mild interprismatic dissolution. Bromelain was the only non-cytotoxic agent. (4) The maximum effect achieved by all OTC bleaching agents was the removal of stains, whereas hydrogen peroxide was capable of further whitening the teeth. Bromelain treatment was neither cytotoxic, nor resulted in enamel surface alterations, and its whitening effect was less, yet still effective, compared to hydrogen peroxide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Dental Materials)

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17 pages, 4949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Preventive Effect of A Magnetic Nanoparticle-Modified Root Canal Sealer on Persistent Apical Periodontitis

by Xiao Guo, Yan Sun, Zheng Wang, Biao Ren, Hockin H. K. Xu, Xian Peng, Mingyun Li, Suping Wang, Haohao Wang, Yao Wu, Michael D. Weir, Xuedong Zhou, Fang Lan and Lei Cheng

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113137 - 28 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1925

Abstract

Persistent apical periodontitis is a critical challenge for endodontists. Developing root canal filling materials with continuous antibacterial effects and tightly sealed root canals are essential strategies to avoid the failure of root canal therapy and prevent persistent apical periodontitis. We modified the EndoREZ root canal sealer with the antibacterial material dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The mechanical properties of the modified root canal sealer were tested. The biocompatibility of this sealer was verified in vitro and in vivo. Multispecies biofilms were constructed to assess the antibacterial effects of the modified root canal sealer. We applied magnetic fields and examined the extent of root canal sealer penetration in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that EndoREZ sealer containing 2.5% DMADDM and 1% MNP had biological safety and apical sealing ability. In addition, the modified sealer could increase the sealer penetration range and exert significant antibacterial effects on multispecies biofilms under an external magnetic field. According to the in vivo study, the apices of the root canals with the sealer containing 2.5% DMADDM and 1% MNP showed no significant resorption and exhibited only a slight increase in the periodontal ligament space, with a good inhibitory effect on persistent apical periodontitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Dental Materials)

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12 pages, 2353 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Innovation Glass-Ceramic Spray Deposition Technology Improving the Adhesive Performance for Zirconium-Based Dental Restorations

by Chien-Ming Kang, Dan-Jae Lin, Sheng-Wei Feng, Cheng-Yuan Hung, Shogo Iwaguro and Tzu-Yu Peng

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 12783; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112783 - 24 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2287

Abstract

Glass-ceramic spray deposition (GCSD) is a novel technique for coating lithium disilicate (LD) glass-ceramics onto zirconia through simple tempering steps. GCSD has been proven to improve the bonding of zirconia to resin cement, but the effect of etching time on GCSD and the long-term durability of the bond achieved remain unknown. The effects of air abrasion with aluminum particles (ABB) and air abrasion (GAB) or etching with 5.0% hydrogen fluoride (HF) for 20, 60, 90, and 120 s (G20, G60, G90, and G120) on the resin cement–zirconia bond were studied. LD was included as a control (LDG). The microstructure, sub-micron roughness, wettability, and phase changes of samples were analyzed. After resin cement was bonded to zirconia, half of the samples were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles at 5–55 °C). The bond strengths of the samples were determined in shear bond strength (SBS) tests (n = 10 per group). An LD structure can be formed on zirconia after GCSD and proper etching processes, which result in high roughness and a hydrophilic nature. GCSD and HF etching significantly improved SBS, with G90 and G120 samples with pre- or post-thermocycling exhibiting SBS values comparable to those of LDG (p > 0.760). The surface characteristics of the LD layer are influenced by the etching time and affect the SBS of the bond of zirconia to resin cement. HF etching for 90–120 s after GCSD results in zirconia with SBS and bond durability comparable to LD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Dental Materials)

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