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Immune Responses to Viruses

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2025) | Viewed by 1277

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: natural antivirals; host and viruses interaction; intracellular trafficking of viral infection; herpesviruses; HSV-1; viral immune evasion; virus-induced cell death; RNAi; small RNAs as therapeutics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France
Interests: human papillomaviruses; HPV38; polyomaviruses; herpesviruses; molecular biology; molecular epidemiology; NGS; 16S rRNA microbiome; Luminex

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Guest Editor
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 69000 Lyon, France
Interests: host and viruses interaction; cell signalling; cutaneous human papillomaviruses; HPV38; polyomaviruses; herpesviruses; HSV-1; viral immune escape; virus-induced cell death; immunity; cellular transformation; viral oncogenesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral infection can trigger various human diseases, ranging from mild to acute. Viruses, as obligate intracellular parasitic infectious particles, are closely interconnected with their host.

Virulence and host responses determine the different host susceptibility of viral infections. Among host responses, innate immunity plays a key role in viral clearance and disease progression. The innate immune system detects the presence of pathogens and induces mechanisms to eliminate potentially infectious threats. Indeed, receptors of the innate immune system recognize conserved determinants of microbial and viral origin. The stimulation of these receptors results in signaling activation, determining an effective immune response. Nevertheless, viruses have evolved strategies to escape innate immune surveillance, particularly during acute infection.

This Special Issue aims to understand the complex mechanisms underlying the interaction between viruses and the host’s innate immune responses and escape. Original research articles and high-quality reviews on viral innate immune response and escape are welcome.

Dr. Rosamaria Pennisi
Dr. Tarik Gheit
Dr. Assunta Venuti
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • viruses
  • innate immunity
  • cellular signaling
  • viral infections
  • cell–host interactions
  • virus-mediated cellular transformation
  • immune response
  • viral escape

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

13 pages, 839 KB  
Review
Strategies of Classical Swine Fever Immune Evasion
by Yuanji Zhang, Fangtao Li and Yebing Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7838; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167838 - 14 Aug 2025
Viewed by 575
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and lethal disease caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and it is also a notifiable disease according to the World Organization for Animal Health. Owing to the continuous growth of the international trade in [...] Read more.
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and lethal disease caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and it is also a notifiable disease according to the World Organization for Animal Health. Owing to the continuous growth of the international trade in pigs and pig products, pig farming has become the pillar industry of the global livestock industry and is the most important source of animal protein for mankind. As a single-stranded RNA virus, CSFV can avoid being recognized and cleared by the host immune system through a variety of immune evasion strategies so that it persists in the host body and causes multisystemic pathology. CSF has also become one of the most serious infectious diseases affecting the pig industry, resulting in considerable economic losses to the pig industry. Therefore, understanding the main immune evasion mechanism of CSFV is very important for the prevention and control of CSF infection. This article reviews the main immune evasion mechanisms of CSFV, including the suppression of nonspecific immune responses; evasion of adaptive immune responses; and the regulation of host cell apoptosis and cell autophagy. CSFV affects type I interferon regulatory signals; the JAK-STAT signaling pathway; the RIG-I and NF-κB signaling pathways; immune cell function; the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway; and the endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis pathway; the PI3K-Akt signaling mediated AMPK-mTOR macroautophagy pathway through its structural proteins Erns and E1 and E2; and the nonstructural proteins Npro, NS4B, and NS5A to achieve immune evasion. As our understanding of CSFV immune strategies continues to deepen, we believe that this understanding will provide new strategies for the development of new vaccines and novel diagnostic methods in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Responses to Viruses)
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