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Etiology and Pathogenesis of Pulpitis and Apical Periodontitis 2023

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2024) | Viewed by 2300

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, University Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
Interests: nanoparticles; wound healing; inorganic nanoparticles; drug delivery systems
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The apical periodontitis is an infection-driven, chronic inflammatory disease, which usually leads to the destruction of periodontal tissues, the alveolar bone, and impaired dentition. Uncontrolled infection of periapical tissues through a bacterial infection in the root canal might result in extensive bone resorption around the root that ultimately leads to tooth loss if left untreated. Therefore, pulpitis and apical periodontitis impact a patient’s quality of life and cause significant burdens.

The apical periodontitis occurs due to the long-term infection and pathogenic irritants in the root canal. These bacteria inhabit anatomical locations that are inaccessible to macrophages and other immune cells, such as dentin tubules, thus creating conditions for bacteria to directly damage tissue and secrete enzymes, exotoxins, and metabolic end products to regulate the immune response. The presence of microbial factors stimulates an immune response, producing a series of pathological manifestations, mainly inflammation affecting the bone tissue. Thus, its pathogenesis, prevention and treatment are a challenge for the clinicians. During treatment, infection control should be resolved first, and periapical bone remodeling should be carried out on this basis.

The aim of the present Special Issue is to gather manuscripts (original articles and reviews) that address questions related to the pulpitis and apical periodontitis physiopathology, ranging from the pathogenesis to the therapeutic approaches in animal models and/or clinical trials.

Dr. Rafael Scaf De Molon
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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19 pages, 1038 KiB  
Article
Characterisation of miRNA Expression in Dental Pulp Cells during Epigenetically-Driven Reparative Processes
by Michaela Kearney, Paul R. Cooper, Anthony J. Smith and Henry F. Duncan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 8631; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108631 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1501
Abstract
Within regenerative endodontics, exciting opportunities exist for the development of next-generation targeted biomaterials that harness epigenetic machinery, including microRNAs (miRNAs), histone acetylation, and DNA methylation, which are used to control pulpitis and to stimulate repair. Although histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase [...] Read more.
Within regenerative endodontics, exciting opportunities exist for the development of next-generation targeted biomaterials that harness epigenetic machinery, including microRNAs (miRNAs), histone acetylation, and DNA methylation, which are used to control pulpitis and to stimulate repair. Although histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) induce mineralisation in dental pulp cell (DPC) populations, their interaction with miRNAs during DPC mineralisation is not known. Here, small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to establish a miRNA expression profile for mineralising DPCs in culture. Additionally, the effects of a HDACi, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and a DNMTi, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR), on miRNA expression, as well as DPC mineralisation and proliferation, were analysed. Both inhibitors increased mineralisation. However, they reduced cell growth. Epigenetically-enhanced mineralisation was accompanied by widespread changes in miRNA expression. Bioinformatic analysis identified many differentially expressed mature miRNAs that were suggested to have roles in mineralisation and stem cell differentiation, including regulation of the Wnt and MAPK pathways. Selected candidate miRNAs were demonstrated by qRT-PCR to be differentially regulated at various time points in mineralising DPC cultures treated with SAHA or 5-AZA-CdR. These data validated the RNA sequencing analysis and highlighted an increased and dynamic interaction between miRNA and epigenetic modifiers during the DPC reparative processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Etiology and Pathogenesis of Pulpitis and Apical Periodontitis 2023)
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