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Deciphering Molecular Complexity of Pancreatic Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 1248

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pancreatic cancer, known for its insidious onset, aggressive nature and poor prognosis, remains one of the most challenging malignancies to diagnose and treat. With a 5-year survival rate of 12%, which has remained at this level for the past few years, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States and is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths within this decade. Even in patients treated with curative intent, recurrence rates remain very high (80-90%) despite surgical resection with standard neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. Minimal residual disease (MRD) and resistance to chemotherapy represent the main causes of treatment failure.  At the heart of its elusive nature lies its staggering molecular complexity that underpins its diverse pathogenesis, heterogeneity, and resistance to therapeutic interventions. This Special Issue aims to delve into the intricate molecular landscape of pancreatic cancer, unraveling its complexities and exploring promising avenues for overcoming the clinical hurdles associated with this devastating disease.

Moreover, this Special Issue highlights emerging strategies and potential solutions to dissect the dynamics of intratumor components and complex interactions between the cancer cells and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by integrating innovative high-precision multiomics technologies. From precision medicine approaches targeting specific genetic alterations and immunotherapy harnessing the power of the immune system to novel drug delivery systems designed to overcome tumor heterogeneity, plasticity, early micrometastasis and resistance to current standard therapy, we showcase the latest advances in this field. We also examine the role of basic research in advancing our understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and how these insights can inform the development of more effective and tailored therapies. We welcome contributions that span the breadth of pancreatic cancer research, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations and stimulating models to translate novel ideas into decision-making processes for early diagnosis and multimodal treatment; this is possible via the development of novel frameworks of tumor and liquid biopsy-based biomarkers to guide meaningful therapy, including next-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors and mRNA vaccines.

Prof. Dr. Dimitrios H. Roukos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pancreatic cancer
  • intratumor heterogeneity
  • bulk and single-cell multiomics
  • tumor microenvironment
  • cancer immunotherapy
  • targeted therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2042 KiB  
Article
Low Bacterial Biomass in Human Pancreatic Cancer and Adjacent Normal Tissue
by Michael S. May, Heekuk Park, Dalia H. Moallem, Dwayne Seeram, Sun Dajiang, Hanina Hibshoosh, Jacob K. Jamison, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann and Gulam A. Manji
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010140 - 27 Dec 2024
Viewed by 940
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of luminal gastrointestinal malignancies and response to antineoplastic therapy. Preclinical studies have suggested a role of intratumoral gammaproteobacteria in mediating response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To our knowledge, this [...] Read more.
The gut microbiome plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of luminal gastrointestinal malignancies and response to antineoplastic therapy. Preclinical studies have suggested a role of intratumoral gammaproteobacteria in mediating response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the impact of the PDAC microbiome on chemotherapy response using samples from human pancreatic tumor resections. We performed 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing on both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh frozen human PDAC resection samples. We analyzed frozen samples from 26 patients with resected PDAC and examined tumor and tumor-adjacent normal tissue. These patients represented nine long-term survivors (LTS) and nine short-term survivors (STS) after neoadjuvant gemcitabine therapy and eight control patients who did not receive any neoadjuvant therapy prior to resection. We also included FFPE samples from five patients, including tumor samples (3 samples per patient), tumor-adjacent normal tissue (2 per patient) and tumor-adjacent paraffin (1 per patient). Within frozen tissue, total DNA yields were high, but bacterial DNA was generally low, comparable to those seen in negative controls. In FFPE tissue, DNA yields were low and bacterial abundances were comparable in paraffin, tumor and normal PDAC samples. Gammaproteobacteria concentrations did not correlate with outcomes in patients treated with neoadjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Our study found low microbial biomass in pancreatic tumor tissue, with no detectable association between bacterial taxa and chemotherapy outcomes. These results suggest a limited role of the microbiome in gemcitabine-based chemotherapy response in PDAC. Preclinical studies have implicated the pancreatic tumor microbiome in driving response to therapy. Cytidine deaminase, an enzyme produced by gammaproteobacteria, can metabolize gemcitabine and has been hypothesized to inhibit pancreatic tumor response to chemotherapy. Several clinical trials have evaluated the role of the tumor microbiome in pancreatic cancer treatment. We evaluated the impact of the pancreatic tumor microbiome on chemotherapy response using samples from human pancreatic tumor resections. We found a low microbial load that is partially attributable to contaminants and that gammaproteobacteria levels did not correlate with outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deciphering Molecular Complexity of Pancreatic Cancer)
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