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Latest Advances in Metabolic Syndrome
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Latest Advances in Metabolic Syndrome

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2025) | Viewed by 6306

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anca Pantea Stoian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: diabetes; nutrition; metabolic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am honoured to extend an invitation to participate in our highly anticipated Special Issue, “Latest Advances in Metabolic Syndrome”. This issue is a significant milestone in our collective efforts to understand and manage metabolic syndrome.

MetS is a cluster of conditions that elevate the likelihood of developing heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney diseases, metabolic dysfunction related to steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and type 2 diabetes. The current advancements in understanding and managing metabolic syndrome are focused on various aspects, including exploring genetic and molecular factors, applying lifestyle interventions, utilizing pharmacological treatments, and developing technological innovations. Important subjects that will be addressed include the following:

Current research is unveiling specific genetic markers and pathways associated with metabolic syndrome, shedding light on crucial findings in genomics, biomarkers, and the microbiome. These breakthroughs in genomics are enhancing our understanding of individual susceptibility and identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Studies on the gut microbiota are revealing its profound impact on metabolic health. The ability to modify the gut microbiome through dietary treatments, probiotics, or prebiotics is proving to be a game-changer in influencing the different aspects of metabolic syndrome.

One of the most promising areas of research is the role of lifestyle interventions in managing metabolic syndrome. Personalized eating regimens based on individual genetic and metabolic profiles and innovative exercise programmes have shown great potential in improving metabolic health.

A novel pharmaceutical intervention is being developed to selectively target the biological mechanisms related to insulin resistance, obesity, and lipid metabolism. A combination of medications that target multiple aspects of metabolic syndrome can enhance treatment efficacy and simultaneously address various components.

Examining the connection between inflammation, atherosclerosis, and metabolism is crucial in understanding metabolic syndrome. This relationship has led to the investigation of treatments and lifestyle modifications aimed at reducing systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis.

These developments underscore the importance of a holistic approach to understanding and managing metabolic syndrome. By integrating scientific research with practical therapies, we are making significant strides in our battle against this complex condition. This comprehensive approach should instil confidence in our ability to effectively address metabolic syndrome.

Dr. Anca Pantea Stoian
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolic syndrome
  • MASLD
  • cardiovascular disease
  • obesity
  • chronic kidney disease
  • metabolic therapy
  • prediabetes
  • type 2 diabetes
  • metabolic inflammation
  • atherosclerosis
  • biomarkers
  • nutritional intervention

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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16 pages, 1274 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Romania
by Adela Gabriela Ştefan, Diana Clenciu, Adina Mitrea, Ionela Mihaela Vladu, Diana Cristina Protasiewicz-Timofticiuc, Maria Magdalena Roşu, Daniela Teodora Maria, Ilie Robert Dinu, Theodora Claudia Gheonea, Beatrice Elena Vladu, Ion Cristian Efrem, Eugen Moţa and Maria Moţa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(6), 2389; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062389 - 7 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 462
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a huge burden on the health system. This study aimed to investigate the association between MetS and certain indirect insulin resistance (IR) indicators according to gender. The triglyceride–glucose index (TyG), TyG–body mass index (TyG–BMI), the TyG–waist-to-height ratio (TyG–WHtR), TyG–waist [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a huge burden on the health system. This study aimed to investigate the association between MetS and certain indirect insulin resistance (IR) indicators according to gender. The triglyceride–glucose index (TyG), TyG–body mass index (TyG–BMI), the TyG–waist-to-height ratio (TyG–WHtR), TyG–waist circumference (TyG–WC), the triglyceride to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol index (TG/HDL-c) and recently proposed indicators such as the metabolic score for IR (MetS-IR), TyG–neck circumference (TyG–NC) and the TyG–neck-circumference-to-height ratio (TyG–NHtR) were evaluated in 2594 subjects enrolled in the PREDATORR study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the association between MetS and the indirect IR indicators, as well as the risk factors. The participants were divided into two groups, according to gender. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. TyG, TyG–WC, TyG–NC, TyG–NHtR and TG/HDL-c had higher values in the male group, while TyG–BMI, TyG–WHtR and MetS-IR had approximately equal values in the two studied groups, but also statistically significantly higher values in MetS (+) vs. MetS (−) subjects (p < 0.001). For both studied groups, the multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that TyG and MetS-IR were independent predictors for MetS. Both in the female and in the male group, TyG had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Thus, in females, the TyG AUROC curve was 0.890; 95% CI 0.873–0.907; p < 0.001; cut-off value 8.51, with 81.4% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity. In males, the TyG AUROC curve was 0.880; 95% CI 0.861–0.899; p < 0.001; cut-off value 8.69, with 78.5% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity. All of the analyzed indirect IR indicators had statistically significantly higher values in MetS (+) vs. MetS (−) subjects. TyG and MetS-IR are independent predictive factors for MetS, regardless of the subject’s gender. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Metabolic Syndrome)
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Review

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16 pages, 1925 KiB  
Review
Link Between Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and Eye Diseases
by Kamila Pieńczykowska, Anna Bryl and Małgorzata Mrugacz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 2174; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052174 - 28 Feb 2025
Viewed by 918
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS)—a cluster of conditions including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance—is increasingly recognized as a key risk factor for the development of various eye diseases. The metabolic dysfunctions associated with this syndrome contribute to vascular and neurodegenerative damage within the eye, [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS)—a cluster of conditions including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance—is increasingly recognized as a key risk factor for the development of various eye diseases. The metabolic dysfunctions associated with this syndrome contribute to vascular and neurodegenerative damage within the eye, influencing disease onset and progression. Understanding these links highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management of metabolic syndrome to prevent vision loss and improve ocular health outcomes. This review explores the intricate interplay between metabolic syndrome, chronic low-grade inflammation, and eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and dry eye syndrome. It highlights how inflammatory mediators, oxidative damage, and metabolic dysregulation converge to compromise ocular structures, including the retina, optic nerve, and ocular surface. We discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning these associations and examine evidence from clinical and experimental studies. Given the rising global prevalence of metabolic syndrome, addressing this connection is crucial for improving overall patient outcomes and quality of life. Future research should focus on delineating the precise mechanisms linking these diseases as well as exploring targeted interventions that address both metabolic and ocular health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Metabolic Syndrome)
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17 pages, 1237 KiB  
Review
The Causal Role of Ectopic Fat Deposition in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome
by Joseph A. M. J. L. Janssen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13238; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413238 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 4473
Abstract
Consuming a “modern” Western diet and overnutrition may increase insulin secretion. Additionally, nutrition-mediated hyperinsulinemia is a major driver of ectopic fat deposition. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high and growing. Within this context, people with congenital lipodystrophy often experience a severe [...] Read more.
Consuming a “modern” Western diet and overnutrition may increase insulin secretion. Additionally, nutrition-mediated hyperinsulinemia is a major driver of ectopic fat deposition. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high and growing. Within this context, people with congenital lipodystrophy often experience a severe form of metabolic syndrome. Evidence is increasingly supporting that subtle partial lipodystrophy plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome in the general population. In individuals in the general population with subtle partial lipodystrophy, as well as in those with congenital lipodystrophy, the subcutaneous adipose tissues are unable to accommodate surplus energy intake. In both conditions, (excess) fat is directed toward the liver, pancreas, and muscles, where it is deposited as ectopic fat, as this fat can no longer be stored in the “safe” subcutaneous fat depots. Ectopic fat depositions cause insulin resistance in the liver and muscles, as well as β-cell dysfunction in the pancreas. Support of a direct pathological role of ectopic fat deposition in this condition is further provided by the rapid normalization of hepatic insulin sensitivity and improvement in pancreatic β-cell function after marked reductions in ectopic fat depositions. Thus, ectopic fat deposition in the liver, pancreas, and muscles may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome even in the general population. As such, the prevention of ectopic fat deposition may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and mitigate its effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Metabolic Syndrome)
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