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Exercise-Induced Hormonal Modifications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2020) | Viewed by 17379

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Director of “SMART Lab”, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
Interests: Endocrinology; Translational Medicine; Sports Medicine; Neuro-Endocrinology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical exercise has been the focus of attention of many scientific investigations in the last few decades. It has demonstrated anticancer effects, antidiabetic effects, improvement in neurological conditions, and a key role in metabolic syndrome. Many of these effects are due to hormonal and receptor modifications, directly induced by physical activity, which is able to alter various endocrine pathways—from energy balance, substrate metabolism, regulation of fluid homeostasis, to effects of exercise on puberty, menstrual cycle, menopause and growth.

The goal of this Special Issue is to summarize, in a unified manner, the hormonal modifications induced by different intensities and types of exercise, their benefits, and eventual risks, introducing the latest advances in the underlying molecular mechanisms of hormonal action, and possibly identifying specific training regimens to optimize a number of medical conditions, as well as improving heath in general.

Dr. Giovanni Vanni Frajese
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • physical exercise
  • hormones
  • immune system
  • diabetes
  • cancer
  • metabolic syndrome
  • energy balance
  • over-training
  • menopause
  • growth
  • endocrine pathways

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2181 KiB  
Article
Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents the Augmented Hepatic Glucocorticoid Response Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice
by Jonatan Dassonvalle, Francisco Díaz-Castro, Camila Donoso-Barraza, Carlos Sepúlveda, Francisco Pino-de la Fuente, Pamela Pino, Alejandra Espinosa, Mario Chiong, Miguel Llanos and Rodrigo Troncoso
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(20), 7582; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207582 - 14 Oct 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3794
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical regulators of energy balance. Their deregulation is associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is not understood if obesity alters the tissue glucocorticoid receptor (GR) response, and moreover whether a moderate aerobic exercise prevents the [...] Read more.
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical regulators of energy balance. Their deregulation is associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is not understood if obesity alters the tissue glucocorticoid receptor (GR) response, and moreover whether a moderate aerobic exercise prevents the alteration in GR response induced by obesity. Methods: To evaluate the GR response in obese mice, we fed C57BL6J mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Before mice were sacrificed, we injected them with dexamethasone. To assess the exercise role in GR response, we fed mice an HFD and subjected them to moderate aerobic exercise three times a week. Results: We found that mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks developed hepatic GC hypersensitivity without changes in the gastrocnemius or epididymal fat GR response. Therefore, moderate aerobic exercise improved glucose tolerance, increased the corticosterone plasma levels, and prevented hepatic GR hypersensitivity with an increase in epididymal fat GR response. Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that mice with HFD-induced obesity develop hepatic GR sensitivity, which could enhance the metabolic effects of HFD in the liver. Moreover, exercise was found to be a feasible non-pharmacological strategy to prevent the deregulation of GR response in obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise-Induced Hormonal Modifications)
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Review

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50 pages, 1442 KiB  
Review
Physical Activity-Dependent Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium-Phosphorous Metabolism
by Giovanni Lombardi, Ewa Ziemann, Giuseppe Banfi and Sabrina Corbetta
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(15), 5388; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155388 - 29 Jul 2020
Cited by 65 | Viewed by 13240
Abstract
Exercise perturbs homeostasis, alters the levels of circulating mediators and hormones, and increases the demand by skeletal muscles and other vital organs for energy substrates. Exercise also affects bone and mineral metabolism, particularly calcium and phosphate, both of which are essential for muscle [...] Read more.
Exercise perturbs homeostasis, alters the levels of circulating mediators and hormones, and increases the demand by skeletal muscles and other vital organs for energy substrates. Exercise also affects bone and mineral metabolism, particularly calcium and phosphate, both of which are essential for muscle contraction, neuromuscular signaling, biosynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and other energy substrates. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Understanding the effects of exercise on PTH secretion is fundamental for appreciating how the body adapts to exercise. Altered PTH metabolism underlies hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, the complications of which affect the organs involved in calcium and phosphorous metabolism (bone and kidney) and other body systems as well. Exercise affects PTH expression and secretion by altering the circulating levels of calcium and phosphate. In turn, PTH responds directly to exercise and exercise-induced myokines. Here, we review the main concepts of the regulation of PTH expression and secretion under physiological conditions, in acute and chronic exercise, and in relation to PTH-related disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise-Induced Hormonal Modifications)
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