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Metal Nano/Microparticles for Bioapplications 2.0
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Metal Nano/Microparticles for Bioapplications 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 12263

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bong-Hyun Jun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: SERS; optical materials; nanomaterials; applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Won Yeop Rho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
Interests: DSSC; solar cell; nanomaterials; applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nano/micro particles are considered to be the most valuable and important functional materials in the field of material science. As a field, metal nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the most actively studied in nano/microtechnology, with carbon materials, magnetic materials, and quantum dots. The ability of metal nanoparticles to interact effectively with electromagnetic radiation makes them suitable for many biomedical applications, including diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of disease. The interaction with electromagnetic radiation causes a unique optical phenomenon, called surface plasmon resonance (SPR), usually in the ultra-violet (UV), visible, and near-infrared (NIR) spectrum range. The SPR frequency is sensitive to subtle changes in physico-chemical conditions, such as distance between nanoparticles and particle size and shape.

Biomedical applications generally use gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles, which exhibit superior plasmonic properties. These nanoparticles are widely used because their size and shape can be controlled easily during fabrication. The surface chemistry and modification of Au and Ag NPs are well known, enabling them to be used as sensors based on their SPR band changes.

As well as colorimetric sensing, the intensive absorption and scattering of light due to SPR can be coupled to applications of the metal nanoparticles: surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).

This new Special Issue aims to provide a range of original contributions detailing the synthesis, modification, and properties for bio-applications of metal nano/micro materials, particularly in nanomedicine.

Prof. Dr. Bong-Hyun Jun
Prof. Dr. Won Yeop Rho
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Metal, nano/microparticles
  • Bioapplications
  • Surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF)
  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
  • Biosensors
  • Nanomedicine

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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21 pages, 3268 KiB  
Article
Particle Size Modulates Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity during Embryogenesis of Urchins Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus
by Petra Burić, Ivana Čarapar, Dijana Pavičić-Hamer, Ines Kovačić, Lara Jurković, Maja Dutour Sikirić, Darija Domazet Jurašin, Nevenka Mikac, Niko Bačić and Daniel Mark Lyons
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010745 - 1 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1813
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles represent a threat to biota and have been shown to cause harm through a number of mechanisms, using a wide range of bioassay endpoints. While nanoparticle concentration has been primarily considered, comparison of studies that have used differently sized nanoparticles indicate [...] Read more.
Silver nanoparticles represent a threat to biota and have been shown to cause harm through a number of mechanisms, using a wide range of bioassay endpoints. While nanoparticle concentration has been primarily considered, comparison of studies that have used differently sized nanoparticles indicate that nanoparticle diameter may be an important factor that impacts negative outcomes. In considering this, the aim of the present study was to determine if different sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 10, 20, 40, 60 and 100 nm) give rise to similar effects during embryogenesis of Mediterranean sea urchins Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus, or if nanoparticle size is a parameter that can modulate embryotoxicity and spermiotoxicity in these species. Fertilised embryos were exposed to a range of AgNP concentrations (1–1000 µg L−1) and after 48 h larvae were scored. Embryos exposed to 1 and 10 µg L−1 AgNPs (for all tested sizes) showed no negative effect in both sea urchins. The smaller AgNPs (size 10 and 20 nm) caused a decrease in the percentage of normally developed A. lixula larvae at concentrations ≥50 µg L−1 (EC50: 49 and 75 μg L−1, respectively) and at ≥100 µg L−1 (EC50: 67 and 91 μg L−1, respectively) for P. lividus. AgNPs of 40 nm diameter was less harmful in both species ((EC50: 322 and 486 μg L−1, for P. lividus and A. lixula, respectively)). The largest AgNPs (60 and 100 nm) showed a dose-dependent response, with little effect at lower concentrations, while more than 50% of larvae were developmentally delayed at the highest tested concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg L−1 (EC50(100 nm); 662 and 529 μg L−1, for P. lividus and A. lixula, respectively. While AgNPs showed no effect on the fertilisation success of treated sperm, an increase in offspring developmental defects and arrested development was observed in A. lixula larvae for 10 nm AgNPs at concentrations ≥50 μg L−1, and for 20 and 40 nm AgNPs at concentrations >100 μg L−1. Overall, toxicity was mostly ascribed to more rapid oxidative dissolution of smaller nanoparticles, although, in cases, Ag+ ion concentrations alone could not explain high toxicity, indicating a nanoparticle-size effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Nano/Microparticles for Bioapplications 2.0)
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28 pages, 7044 KiB  
Article
Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Seedlings Are Coating-Dependent
by Renata Biba, Petra Cvjetko, Mirta Tkalec, Karla Košpić, Petra Peharec Štefanić, Sandra Šikić, Ana-Marija Domijan and Biljana Balen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15923; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415923 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
The harmful effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been confirmed in many organisms, but the mechanism of their toxicity is not yet fully understood. In biological systems, AgNPs tend to aggregate and dissolve, so they are often stabilized by coatings that influence their [...] Read more.
The harmful effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been confirmed in many organisms, but the mechanism of their toxicity is not yet fully understood. In biological systems, AgNPs tend to aggregate and dissolve, so they are often stabilized by coatings that influence their physico-chemical properties. In this study, the effects of AgNPs with different coatings [polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)] on oxidative stress appearance and proteome changes in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings have been examined. To discriminate between the nanoparticulate Ag form from the ionic one, the treatments with AgNO3, a source of Ag+ ions, were also included. Ag uptake and accumulation were found to be similarly effective upon exposure to all treatment types, although positively charged AgNP-CTAB showed less stability and a generally stronger impact on the investigated parameters in comparison with more stable and negatively charged AgNP-PVP and ionic silver (AgNO3). Both AgNP treatments induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and increased the expression of proteins involved in antioxidant defense, confirming oxidative stress as an important mechanism of AgNP phytotoxicity. However, the mechanism of seedling responses differed depending on the type of AgNP used. The highest AgNP-CTAB concentration and CTAB coating resulted in increased H2O2 content and significant damage to lipids, proteins and DNA molecules, as well as a strong activation of antioxidant enzymes, especially CAT and APX. On the other hand, AgNP-PVP and AgNO3 treatments induced the nonenzymatic antioxidants by significantly increasing the proline and GSH content. Exposure to AgNP-CTAB also resulted in more noticeable changes in the expression of proteins belonging to the defense and stress response, carbohydrate and energy metabolism and storage protein categories in comparison to AgNP-PVP and AgNO3. Cysteine addition significantly reduced the effects of AgNP-PVP and AgNO3 for the majority of investigated parameters, indicating that AgNP-PVP toxicity mostly derives from released Ag+ ions. AgNP-CTAB effects, however, were not alleviated by cysteine addition, suggesting that their toxicity derives from the intrinsic properties of the nanoparticles and the coating itself. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Nano/Microparticles for Bioapplications 2.0)
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8 pages, 1081 KiB  
Communication
Ultra-Fine Control of Silica Shell Thickness on Silver Nanoparticle-Assembled Structures
by Eunil Hahm, Ahla Jo, Eun Ji Kang, Sungje Bock, Xuan-Hung Pham, Hyejin Chang and Bong-Hyun Jun
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11983; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111983 - 5 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2389
Abstract
To study the distance-dependent electromagnetic field effects related to the enhancement and quenching mechanism of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) or fluorescence, it is essential to precisely control the distance from the surface of the metal nanoparticle (NP) to the target molecule by using [...] Read more.
To study the distance-dependent electromagnetic field effects related to the enhancement and quenching mechanism of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) or fluorescence, it is essential to precisely control the distance from the surface of the metal nanoparticle (NP) to the target molecule by using a dielectric layer (e.g., SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3). However, precisely controlling the thickness of this dielectric layer is challenging. Herein, we present a facile approach to control the thickness of the silica shell on silver nanoparticle-assembled silica nanocomposites, SiO2@Ag NPs, by controlling the number of reacting SiO2@Ag NPs and the silica precursor. Uniform silica shells with thicknesses in the range 5–40 nm were successfully fabricated. The proposed method for creating a homogeneous, precise, and fine silica coating on nanocomposites can potentially contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the distance-dependent electromagnetic field effects and optical properties of metal NPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Nano/Microparticles for Bioapplications 2.0)
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Review

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23 pages, 9073 KiB  
Review
Progress in Laser Ablation and Biological Synthesis Processes: “Top-Down” and “Bottom-Up” Approaches for the Green Synthesis of Au/Ag Nanoparticles
by Zhiwen Jiang, Liwei Li, Hao Huang, Wenbin He and Wuyi Ming
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14658; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314658 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 5347
Abstract
Because of their small size and large specific surface area, nanoparticles (NPs) have special properties that are different from bulk materials. In particular, Au/Ag NPs have been intensively studied for a long time, especially for biomedical applications. Thereafter, they played a significant role [...] Read more.
Because of their small size and large specific surface area, nanoparticles (NPs) have special properties that are different from bulk materials. In particular, Au/Ag NPs have been intensively studied for a long time, especially for biomedical applications. Thereafter, they played a significant role in the fields of biology, medical testing, optical imaging, energy and catalysis, MRI contrast agents, tumor diagnosis and treatment, environmental protection, and so on. When synthesizing Au/Ag NPs, the laser ablation and biosynthesis methods are very promising green processes. Therefore, this review focuses on the progress in the laser ablation and biological synthesis processes for Au/Ag NP generation, especially in their fabrication fundamentals and potential applications. First, the fundamentals of the laser ablation method are critically reviewed, including the laser ablation mechanism for Au/Ag NPs and the controlling of their size and shape during fabrication using laser ablation. Second, the fundamentals of the biological method are comprehensively discussed, involving the synthesis principle and the process of controlling the size and shape and preparing Au/Ag NPs using biological methods. Third, the applications in biology, tumor diagnosis and treatment, and other fields are reviewed to demonstrate the potential value of Au/Ag NPs. Finally, a discussion surrounding three aspects (similarity, individuality, and complementarity) of the two green synthesis processes is presented, and the necessary outlook, including the current limitations and challenges, is suggested, which provides a reference for the low-cost and sustainable production of Au/Ag NPs in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Nano/Microparticles for Bioapplications 2.0)
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