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Polyphenols and Neurodegenerative Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2023) | Viewed by 2023

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
Interests: medicinal chemistry phytochemical; natural and synthetic molecules; mechanisms to defeat dementia; Alzheimer’s disease; brain-gut axis; dietary directions against dementia; lifestyle modifications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For the future of humanity, there are 86 billion neurons/reasons why it is important to study the medicinal and nutritional science of neurodegeneration. With the global aging population increasing, the suffering from dementia is anticipated to rise to over 152 million by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease, that is the foremost widespread dementia is a progressive age-risk-related disorder of the brain cortex and hippocampus regions, and involves the cognitive impairment along with reduced capacity/function. Dietary polyphenols are one of the most abundant types of plant secondary metabolites. Fruit and vegetables are rich sources of bioactive constituents that contribute to human health and experimental and epidemiological data indicates a function for polyphenols in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers and neuropathologies. Currently there is no definitive evidence from human studies or clinical trials that nutrient/lifestyle factors can modify cognitive disorders, or are neuroprotective against neurodegeneration. We know there are new discoveries on the horizon because poor nutrition impairs learning, memory and lifespan. Healthy lifestyles and dietary polyphenol patterns, a plant based meal plan is recommended that works for neuroprotection. This Special Issue concerns with the biomolecular mechanisms of dietary polyphenols, essential knowledge in order to understand neurodegenerative disorders. Happy to receive your research articles, suggested topics include: 1) therapeutic efficacy, multiple mechanisms of polyphenols as neuroprotective agents; 2) what future implications dietary fruits and vegetables and lifestyles may have on overcoming neurodegenerative diseases; 3) the most effective flavonoids that improve cognitive function, blood pressure, metabolic profile; 4) the role of flavonoids in age-related neurodegenerative disorders that relate to vascular pathology; 5) mechanisms of polyphenol microbial metabolites as neuroprotective agents; 6) polyphenol modulation of signaling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms.

Dr. Helmut M. Hugel
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dietary polyphenols
  • fruits & vegetables
  • therapeutic efficacy
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • neuroprotection
  • cognition enhancing
  • microbial metabolites
  • signaling pathways
  • autophagy
  • vascular pathology
  • biomolecular mechanisms

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2660 KiB  
Article
Interactions between Major Bioactive Polyphenols of Sugarcane Top: Effects on Human Neural Stem Cell Differentiation and Astrocytic Maturation
by Kengo Iwata, Farhana Ferdousi, Yoshinobu Arai and Hiroko Isoda
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15120; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315120 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1556
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a tropical plant grown for sugar production. We recently showed that sugarcane top (ST) ameliorates cognitive decline in a mouse model of accelerated aging via promoting neuronal differentiation and neuronal energy metabolism and extending the length of [...] Read more.
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a tropical plant grown for sugar production. We recently showed that sugarcane top (ST) ameliorates cognitive decline in a mouse model of accelerated aging via promoting neuronal differentiation and neuronal energy metabolism and extending the length of the astrocytic process in vitro. Since the crude extract consists of multicomponent mixtures, it is crucial to identify bioactive compounds of interest and the affected molecular targets. In the present study, we investigated the bioactivities of major polyphenols of ST, namely 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3CQA), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5CQA), 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (3FQA), and Isoorientin (ISO), in human fetal neural stem cells (hNSCs)- an in vitro model system for studying neural development. We found that multiple polyphenols of ST contributed synergistically to stimulate neuronal differentiation of hNSCs and induce mitochondrial activity in immature astrocytes. Mono-CQAs (3CQA and 5CQA) regulated the expression of cyclins related to G1 cell cycle arrest, whereas ISO regulated basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors related to cell fate determination. Additionally, mono-CQAs activated p38 and ISO inactivated GSK3β. In hNSC-derived immature astrocytes, the compounds upregulated mRNA expression of PGC-1α, a master regulator of astrocytic mitochondrial biogenesis. Altogether, our findings suggest that synergistic interactions between major polyphenols of ST contribute to its potential for neuronal differentiation and astrocytic maturation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols and Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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