Assessing Strategies and Challenges in Heart Failure: An Update

Dear Colleagues,

In an era with an increasing number of patients having heart failure, we unavoidably change clinical comprehensive understandings for pathophysiological situations. In the focus of treatment, certain progress has been made in terms of pharmacological agents and auxiliary circulation devices in addition to cardiac transplantation. In the facet of pathophysiology, the determination of its phenotype is progressing, but the evaluation of coronary microvascular dysfunction and/or myocardial metabolic injury and their means for improvement remain to be defined. In fact, pharmacological agents for diuresis and vasodilation could not improve the hard clinical endpoint, although signs and symptoms may be improved. In other words, the strategy for the evaluation of myocardial pathophysiology in heart failure should be established and challenging for their connection to treatment. This Special Issue aims to reveal an attractive strategy for the rescue of myocardial damage, resulting in the improved prognosis of patients with heart failure even in older age. I am pleased to invite you to submit any types of manuscripts, such as original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and state-of-the-art papers, regarding the clarification of the structural and functional mechanisms of CMD, cardiac functional/metabolic changes, or related issues in the pathophysiology and prognosis of heart failure.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Shiro Hoshida
Guest Editor

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