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Recent Studies in Brain Imaging for Neurocognitive Disorders
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Recent Studies in Brain Imaging for Neurocognitive Disorders

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2024) | Viewed by 1595

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Risto A. Kauppinen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Interests: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); MR spectroscopy (MRS); nuclear magnetic resonance signals in living systems; NMR- based imaging techniques; cognitive impairment
Dr. Claudia Metzler-Baddeley

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology (College of Biomedical and Life Sciences), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Interests: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); aging; neurodegenerative disease; huntington's disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The management of people suffering from adult age neurocognitive impairment would likely be more successful if imminent brain pathology could be revealed at an early stage when only mild clinical symptoms were present. A great deal of hope in this regard is placed on multimodal neuroimaging. A growing amount of data is indicating that the accumulation of harmful macromolecules, the altered profiles of endogenous neurochemicals, changes in tissue microstructure, small volume and shape changes in critical brain structures, to mention a few, as revealed by advanced imaging techniques, are linked to pathology prior to cognitive impairment. The spatially specific imaging techniques used in the investigation of these issues range from computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography (PET) to near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The use of automated data processing methods in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) has greatly improved precision to detect minor abnormalities in brain images.  

This upcoming edition of the Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) invites the submission of both review and original papers for consideration for inclusion in the upcoming Special Issue, entitled ‘Recent Studies on Brain Imaging of Neurocognitive Diseases’. The objective of the Special Issue is to collate timely articles from multimodal brain imaging research on Neurocognitive Disorders, including aging of subjects with increased risk of cognitive impairment, early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases by imaging, and the use of imaging in monitoring, management, and treatment of people with neurocognitive disorders. Case studies on clinical neurocognitive disorders using advanced imaging are welcome. Papers will be subjected to standard peer review during editorial processing. 

Prof. Dr. Risto A. Kauppinen
Dr. Claudia Metzler-Baddeley
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ageing
  • cognitive impairment
  • dementia
  • computed tomography
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • magnetic resonance spectroscopy
  • positron emission tomography
  • near-infrared spectroscopy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1322 KiB  
Article
Differences in Grey Matter Concentrations and Functional Connectivity between Young Carriers and Non-Carriers of the APOE ε4 Genotype
by Carlos Muñoz-Neira, Jianmin Zeng, Ludmila Kucikova, Weijie Huang, Xiong Xiong, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Craig Ritchie, John T. O’Brien and Li Su
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(17), 5228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175228 - 3 Sep 2024
Viewed by 997
Abstract
Background: The pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may begin developing years or even decades prior to the manifestation of its first symptoms. The APOE ε4 genotype is a prominent genetic risk for AD that has been found to be associated with brain [...] Read more.
Background: The pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may begin developing years or even decades prior to the manifestation of its first symptoms. The APOE ε4 genotype is a prominent genetic risk for AD that has been found to be associated with brain changes across the lifespan since early adulthood. Thus, studying brain changes that may occur in young adults with an APOE ε4 status is highly relevant. Objective: Examine potential differences in grey matter (GM) and functional connectivity (FC) in brains of cognitively healthy young APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers, denoted here as ε4(+) and ε4(−), respectively. Methods: Three Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans were acquired from cognitively healthy young participants aged approximately 20 years (n = 151). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was employed to identify potential structural differences in GM between ε4(+) and ε4(−). In a subsequent seed-based connectivity (SBC) analysis, brain regions that structurally differed in the VBM analysis were considered as seeds and correlated with all the remaining voxels across the brains to then measure the differences in FC between groups. Results: The VBM analysis suggested that ε4(+) (n = 28) had greater GM densities relative to ε4(−) (n = 123) in the left hippocampus and the left posterior insula (puncorr < 0.001). However, the effect did not survive the correction for multiple comparisons, suggesting minimal structural differences in this age range. In contrast, the SBC analysis indicated that ε4(+) exhibited significantly decreased FC between the left hippocampus and areas of the left middle temporal gyrus (n = 27) compared to ε4(−) (n = 102). These results remained significant after multiple comparisons (pFDR < 0.05). Lastly, no statistically significant differences in FC between groups were observed for the left insular seed (pFDR > 0.05). Discussion: These results suggest early structural and functional brain changes associated with the APOE ε4 genotype on young adults. Yet, they must be cautiously interpreted and contrasted with both older adults with genetic risk for AD and patients diagnosed with AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Studies in Brain Imaging for Neurocognitive Disorders)
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