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State of the Art in Pediatric Nephrology
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State of the Art in Pediatric Nephrology

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 7222

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Anna Maria Wasilewska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pediatric & Nephrology Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Interests: nephrotic syndrome; acute renal injury; hypertension
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized as renal dysfunction, is considered to be a major public health problem. CKD in children is not only associated with high morbidity and mortality, but it strikes during a vulnerable time and negatively affects a child’s growth and development.

A barrier to developing new CKD therapies is the limitations of our conventional biomarkers, such as proteinuria and serum creatinine. Although elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria are the most frequently used biomarkers of CKD, they increase relatively late in kidney damage in CKD. Children may not present changes in serum creatinine levels because of the “renal reserve,” which means the capacity of nephrons to maintain GFR by hyperfiltration and compensatory hypertrophy until substantial injury has occurred. 

That is why the major goal in pediatric nephrology is to find specific non-invasive, easy to measure, and sensitive biomarkers, which are useful in early diagnosis and treatment of kidney problems in children.

The goal of this Special Issue on the state of the art in pediatric nephrology is to highlight recent advances in acute and chronic kidneys problems in children. We welcome reviews and original research considering novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases. I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Anna Maria Wasilewska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • acute renal failure
  • chronic kidney disease
  • renal fibrosis
  • kidney
  • children
  • newborn

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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7 pages, 195 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Urinary L-FABP as a Tubular Damage Marker in Pediatric Neurogenic Bladder—A Pilot Study
by Joanna Bagińska, Jan Krzysztof Kirejczyk and Agata Korzeniecka-Kozerska
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030736 - 27 Jan 2024
Viewed by 730
Abstract
The article aims to find potential biomarker for the detection of tubular damage in pediatric neurogenic bladder (NB) by investigating urinary levels of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP). This prospective analysis was conducted on two groups: 42 children with NB and 18 healthy [...] Read more.
The article aims to find potential biomarker for the detection of tubular damage in pediatric neurogenic bladder (NB) by investigating urinary levels of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP). This prospective analysis was conducted on two groups: 42 children with NB and 18 healthy children. The uL-FABP concentrations were measured using ELISA methods. The medical charts of the children were examined to determine age, sex, anthropometric measurements, activity assessment using Hoffer’s scale, and renal function parameters. The results revealed that the uL-FABP/creatinine ratio was higher in the study group compared with the reference group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.52, p > 0.05). However, the uL-FABP/creatinine ratio exhibited a wider range in NB patients compared to the reference group. NB children with proteinuria and the history of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) tended to have the highest uL-FABP concentrations. In conclusion, uL-FABP may be considered a potential tubular damage biomarker in children with NB. Proteinuria and the history of VUR may be the factors influencing the uL-FABP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art in Pediatric Nephrology)
10 pages, 543 KiB  
Article
Pregnancy Zone Protein as an Emerging Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease
by Wei-Ling Chen, Wei-Ting Liao, Chien-Ning Hsu and You-Lin Tain
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 5894; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185894 - 11 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1031
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causes of pediatric CKD differ from those in adults, as congenital anomalies in the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading causes in [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causes of pediatric CKD differ from those in adults, as congenital anomalies in the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading causes in childhood. Identifying ideal markers of CVD risk early is crucial for CKD children to improve their care. Previously, we screened differentially expressed proteins in CKD children with or without blood pressure (BP) abnormalities and identified pregnancy zone protein (PZP). In 106 children and adolescents with CKD stages G1–G4, we analyzed plasma PZP concentration. The associations between PZP and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) profile, parameters of cardiac and carotid ultrasounds, indices of arterial stiffness, and nitric oxide (NO) parameters were determined. We observed that PZP positively correlated with arterial stiffness indices, beta index, and pulse wave velocity in CAKUT. CKD children with abnormalities in ABPM and night dipping displayed a higher PZP concentration than those without. Additionally, the PZP level was positively correlated with NO bioavailability. In conclusion, our results suggest PZP has differential influences on cardiovascular risk in CAKUT and non-CAKUT children. Identification of this relationship is novel in the pediatric CKD literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art in Pediatric Nephrology)
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Review

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23 pages, 567 KiB  
Review
Current Status of Protein Biomarkers in Urolithiasis—A Review of the Recent Literature
by Aleksandra Lasota, Anna Wasilewska and Agnieszka Rybi-Szumińska
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(22), 7135; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227135 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1456
Abstract
Urolithiasis is an increasingly common clinical problem worldwide. The formation of stones is a combination of metabolic status, environmental factors, family history and many other aspects. It is important to find new ways to quickly detect and assess urolithiasis because it causes sudden, [...] Read more.
Urolithiasis is an increasingly common clinical problem worldwide. The formation of stones is a combination of metabolic status, environmental factors, family history and many other aspects. It is important to find new ways to quickly detect and assess urolithiasis because it causes sudden, severe pain and often comes back. One way to do this is by exploring new biomarkers. Current advances in proteomic studies provide a great opportunity for breakthroughs in this field. This study focuses on protein biomarkers and their connection to kidney damage and inflammation during urolithiasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art in Pediatric Nephrology)
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Graphical abstract

11 pages, 558 KiB  
Review
Depression in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease—Review of Available Literature
by Natalia Dryjańska and Katarzyna Kiliś-Pstrusińska
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(10), 3554; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12103554 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1796
Abstract
Depression is a significant health problem gaining increasing relevance, especially among children and adolescents. It is known that the incidence of depression is higher in patients suffering from chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review aims to discuss the prevalence [...] Read more.
Depression is a significant health problem gaining increasing relevance, especially among children and adolescents. It is known that the incidence of depression is higher in patients suffering from chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review aims to discuss the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents with CKD and its impact on the quality of life of these patients (HRQoL). The research was conducted using online databases with keywords: depression in children and adolescents, depression and chronic diseases, chronic kidney disease, and health-related quality of life. It was found that the risk for developing depression is higher for adolescents and females, and with the use of negative coping strategies, lack of caregiver nurturance, and poor socioeconomic status. In patients with pediatric CKD, the stage of the disease, age of CKD diagnosis, and type of treatment were found to significantly impact HRQoL and contribute to caregiver burden. Depression was more commonly found in children suffering from CKD. It causes significant mental distress to the child and contributes to the caregiver’s burden. Screening for depression among CKD patients is advised. In depressed patients, transdiagnostic tools should be used to alleviate some of the symptoms. In children at risk of developing depression, preventative strategies should be considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art in Pediatric Nephrology)
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Other

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5 pages, 218 KiB  
Case Report
Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Caused by NUP93 Pathogenic Variants
by Anna Wasilewska, Agnieszka Rybi-Szuminska and Pawel Dubiela
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 5810; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185810 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
Background: Although steroid therapy is a standard of care for nephrotic syndrome treatment, 15–20% of patients do not respond to it. Finding the genetic background is possible in >10% of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) cases. Variants in genes encoding nuclear pore complex proteins [...] Read more.
Background: Although steroid therapy is a standard of care for nephrotic syndrome treatment, 15–20% of patients do not respond to it. Finding the genetic background is possible in >10% of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) cases. Variants in genes encoding nuclear pore complex proteins are a novel cause of paediatric steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Recent studies suggest NUP93 variants to be a significant cause of paediatric onset SRNS. The clinical data on certain variants and disease history are still very limited. Methods and results: We report the SRNS case of a 12-year-old boy with two detected NUP93 variants, which are pathogenic and possibly pathogenic. The onset of the disease was early and severe. The patient was admitted to the paediatric nephrology department due to nephrotic-range proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia with a long medical history of steroid and non-steroid immunosuppressive treatment. The genetic panel targeting 50 genes, clinically relevant for nephrotic syndrome, was performed. The only gene which was found to be affected by mutations, namely c.2326C>T and c.1162C>T, respectively, was NUP93. Conclusions: NUP93 variants are rarely identified as causes of SRNS. Clinical data are of utmost importance to establish the standard of care for SRNS patients suffering from this genetic disfunction. This is the first case of a heterozygous patient with the c.2326C>T and c.1162C>T variants and confirmed clinical history of the SRNS described so far. Our data suggest the clinical relevance of the c.1162C>T variant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art in Pediatric Nephrology)
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