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Diagnostic Advances in Cardiomyopathies
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Diagnostic Advances in Cardiomyopathies

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2024) | Viewed by 4228

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Nicolas Mansencal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department Cardiol, CHU Ambroise Pare, AP HP, F-92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Interests: cardiomyopathies; cardiovascular imaging; echocardiography; cardiac magnetic resonance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiomyopathies constitute a group of diseases and represent a major cause of sudden cardiac death and heart failure, particularly in young patients. Several patterns of cardiomyopathy have been defined: 1) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 2) dilated cardiomyopathy; 3) restrictive cardiomyopathy; 4) arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; 5) unclassified cardiomyopathies including Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and noncompaction cardiomyopathy.

The characteristics of these cardiomyopathies have evolved with the improvement of our knowledge: new definitions, the occurrence of recent diseases, new etiologies, the key role of genetics, etc. Furthermore, in recent decades we have observed improvements in cardiovascular imaging: new echocardiographic technologies, the emergence of cardiac magnetic resonance, CT, etc.

The diagnosis of cardiomyopathy is important, and the recent diagnostic advances support early and accurate management.

This Special Issue aims to update physicians on the diagnostic advances in cardiomyopathies. We therefore welcome papers that address this topic, in the form of original research articles, clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

Prof. Dr. Nicolas Mansencal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diagnosis
  • cardiovascular imaging
  • echocardiography
  • cardiac magnetic resonance
  • electrocardiogram
  • cardiomyopathies
  • hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • takotsubo cardiomyopathy
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
  • noncompaction cardiomyopathy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 761 KiB  
Article
Concurrent Resistance and Cardiorespiratory Training in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study
by Adrián Bayonas-Ruiz, Francisca M. Muñoz-Franco, María Sabater-Molina, Ignacio Martínez-González-Moro, Juan Ramon Gimeno-Blanes and Bárbara Bonacasa
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2324; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082324 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 558
Abstract
Background: Exercise training in patients with HCM has evidenced benefits on functional capacity, cardiac function, and a reversion of adverse cardiac remodeling. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a concurrent resistance and cardiorespiratory training program on functional capacity, [...] Read more.
Background: Exercise training in patients with HCM has evidenced benefits on functional capacity, cardiac function, and a reversion of adverse cardiac remodeling. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a concurrent resistance and cardiorespiratory training program on functional capacity, biochemical parameters, and echocardiographic variables in a pilot group. Methods: Two HCM patients were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of individualized concurrent training with two sessions/week. Pre- and post-training data were compared for each patient. Evaluations included a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), body composition, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and blood analysis. Results: Training promoted an increase in functional capacity (+4 mL·kg−1·min−1), ventilatory thresholds, and other CPET-derived variables associated with a better prognosis and long-term survival. Muscular mass was augmented (0.8 and 1.2 kg), along with a mean increase of 62% in upper and lower body strength. Echocardiographic features demonstrated the maintenance of cardiac function with signs of positive left ventricular remodeling and an improvement in diastolic function. Blood analyses, including cardiac troponins and NT-proBNP, displayed uneven changes in each patient, but the values fell into normal ranges in both cases. Conclusions: The available data suggest a positive effect of concurrent resistance and cardiorespiratory training on patients’ functional capacity and cardiac function that may improve their functional class, quality of life, and long-term prognosis. The replication of this protocol in a larger cohort of patients is warranted to confirm these preliminary results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Advances in Cardiomyopathies)
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14 pages, 2961 KiB  
Article
Multimodality Imaging and Biomarker Approach to Characterize the Pathophysiology of Heart Failure in Left Ventricular Non-Compaction with Preserved Ejection Fraction
by Ionela-Simona Visoiu, Roxana Cristina Rimbas, Alina Ioana Nicula, Sorina Mihaila-Baldea, Stefania Lucia Magda, Diana Janina Mihalcea, Memis Hayat, Maria Luiza Luchian, Alexandra Maria Chitroceanu and Dragos Vinereanu
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(11), 3632; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113632 - 23 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1752
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) with preserved ejection fraction (EF) is still a controverted entity. We aimed to characterize structural and functional changes in LVNC with heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF). Methods: We enrolled 21 patients with LVNC and HFpEF and 21 HFpEF [...] Read more.
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) with preserved ejection fraction (EF) is still a controverted entity. We aimed to characterize structural and functional changes in LVNC with heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF). Methods: We enrolled 21 patients with LVNC and HFpEF and 21 HFpEF controls. For all patients, we performed CMR, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), and biomarker assessment for HFpEF (NT-proBNP), for myocardial fibrosis (Galectin-3), and for endothelial dysfunction [ADAMTS13, von Willebrand factor, and their ratio]. By CMR, we assessed native T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) for each LV level (basal, mid, and apical). By STE, we assessed longitudinal strain (LS), globally and at each LV level, base-to-apex gradient, LS layer by layer, from epicardium to endocardium, and transmural deformation gradient. Results: In the LVNC group, mean NC/C ratio was 2.9 ± 0.4 and the percentage of NC myocardium mass was 24.4 ± 8.7%. LVNC patients, by comparison with controls, had higher apical native T1 (1061 ± 72 vs. 1008 ± 40 ms), diffusely increased ECV (27.2 ± 2.9 vs. 24.4 ± 2.5%), with higher values at the apical level (29.6 ± 3.8 vs. 25.2 ± 2.8%) (all p < 0.01); they had a lower LS only at the apical level (−21.4 ± 4.4 vs. −24.3 ± 3.2%), with decreased base-to-apex gradient (3.8 ± 4.7 vs. 6.9 ± 3.4%) and transmural deformation gradient (3.9 ± 0.8 vs. 4.8 ± 1.0%). LVNC patients had higher NT-proBNP [237 (156–489) vs. 156 (139–257) pg/mL] and Galectin-3 [7.3 (6.0–11.5) vs. 5.6 (4.8–8.3) ng/mL], and lower ADAMTS13 (767.3 ± 335.5 vs. 962.3 ± 253.7 ng/mL) and ADAMTS13/vWF ratio (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: LVNC patients with HFpEF have diffuse fibrosis, which is more extensive at the apical level, explaining the decrease in apical deformation and overexpression of Galectin-3. Lower transmural and base-to-apex deformation gradients underpin the sequence of myocardial maturation failure. Endothelial dysfunction, expressed by the lower ADAMTS13 and ADAMTS13/vWF ratio, may play an important role in the mechanism of HFpEF in patients with LVNC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Advances in Cardiomyopathies)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1346 KiB  
Article
Association of Whole-Heart Myocardial Mechanics by Transthoracic Echocardiography with Presence of Late Gadolinium Enhancement by CMR in Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
by Karolina Mėlinytė-Ankudavičė, Paulius Bučius, Vaida Mizarienė, Tomas Lapinskas, Gintarė Šakalytė, Jurgita Plisienė and Renaldas Jurkevičius
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(22), 6607; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226607 - 8 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1400
Abstract
Background: In patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM), myocardial fibrosis (MF) is related to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between the myocardial mechanics of different chambers of the heart and the presence of MF [...] Read more.
Background: In patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM), myocardial fibrosis (MF) is related to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between the myocardial mechanics of different chambers of the heart and the presence of MF and to determine the accuracy of the whole-heart myocardial strain parameters to predict MF in patients with NIDCM. Methods: We studied 101 patients (64% male; 50 ± 11 years) with a first-time diagnosis of NIDCM who were referred for a clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and speckle tracking 2D echocardiography examination. We analyzed MF by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and the whole-heart myocardial mechanics were assessed by speckle tracking. The presence of MF was related to worse strain parameters in both ventricles and atria. The strongest correlations were found between MF and left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) (r = −0.586, p < 0.001), global circumferential strain (GCS) (r = −0.609, p < 0.001), LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = 0.662, p < 0.001), and left atrial strain during the reservoir phase (LASr) (r = 0.588, p < 0.001). However, the binary logistic regression analysis revealed that only LV GLS, GCS, and LASr were independently associated with the presence of MF (area under the curves of 0.84, 0.85, and 0.64, respectively). None of the echocardiographic parameters correlated with fibrosis localization. Conclusions: In NIDCM patients, MF is correlated with reduced mechanical parameters in both ventricles and atria. LV GLS, LASr, and LV GCS are the most accurate 2D echocardiography predictive factors for the presence of MF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Advances in Cardiomyopathies)
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