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Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology
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Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 7524

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yuanbo Liang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Interests: glaucoma; filtering surgery; evidence-based medicine; epidemiology; clinical trial
Dr. Kai Jin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Interests: retina; diabetic retinopathy; macular degeneration; imaging; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mingguang He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian, Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Interests: cataract; myopic; clinical research; epidemiology; cohorts

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to its unique anatomical properties and important biological functions, the eye is indispensable for maintaining the quality of life. With the development of medical imaging technology and the improvement of disease treatment methods, people's understanding of ophthalmic diseases is gradually deepening. On the one hand, early prevention, timely diagnosis, and effective treatment of eye diseases can alleviate the public health burden caused by visual impairment. On the other hand, the transparency of the refractive medium makes it possible for us to directly observe the nerves and blood vessels within the body. Advances in ophthalmology will bring new directions for the study of systemic diseases.

This Special Issue focuses on ophthalmology epidemiology, translational and clinical research, covering the whole visual system, including the cornea, lens, vitreum, retina, choroid and optic nerve, etc. Research methods include but are not limited to statistical methods, artificial intelligence, and biology experiments. In epidemiology, descriptive or analytical studies addressing the prevalence, risk factors, and preventive measures of eye diseases are welcome. We would also like to receive studies using ophthalmic information as novel biomarkers of systemic diseases. Translational research dedicated to bridging novel screening, diagnostic and therapeutic technologies to clinical practice will also be included in this Special Issue. In terms of clinical research, randomized or non-randomized controlled studies focusing on ophthalmic diseases will both be considered. In addition, secondary research based on evidential analysis of published clinical evidence, such as meta-analyses, is also welcome.

We welcome informative reviews and innovative research articles that will lead to deeper understanding, better translation, and more evidence-based evidence for ophthalmic diseases. We look forward to receiving your papers.

Prof. Dr. Yuanbo Liang
Dr. Kai Jin
Prof. Dr. Mingguang He
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ophthalmic diseases
  • retinopathy
  • glaucoma
  • clinical research
  • novel diagnostic techniques
  • new treatment methods
  • medical imaging
  • artificial intelligence
  • epidemiology
  • etiology and pathogenesis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 194 KiB  
Editorial
Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology
by Kai Jin, Wenyue Shen, Yuanbo Liang and Mingguang He
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(11), 3819; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113819 - 2 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1138
Abstract
The human eye is a complex and vital organ that plays a significant role in maintaining a high quality of human life [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 1526 KiB  
Article
Pseudoexfoliative Syndrome in Cataract Surgery—A Quality Register Study and Health Economic Analysis in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia
by Ivan Borjan, Robert Stanić, Ivna Pleština-Borjan, Maja Pavić, Silvia N. W. Hertzberg, Ljubo Znaor, Beáta Éva Petrovski and Goran Petrovski
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010038 (registering DOI) - 20 Dec 2023
Viewed by 860
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the impact of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome on intraoperative phacoemulsification (PHACO) parameters and assess the economic cost of PHACO surgery for cataracts in patients with and without PEX syndrome. Methods: This was a retrospective quality register study on 5889 patients (6236 [...] Read more.
Purpose: To investigate the impact of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome on intraoperative phacoemulsification (PHACO) parameters and assess the economic cost of PHACO surgery for cataracts in patients with and without PEX syndrome. Methods: This was a retrospective quality register study on 5889 patients (6236 eyes) who underwent PHACO cataract surgery in the Eye Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Croatia, over a 7-year period (May 2015 to December 2022), in accordance with the Guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Centre Split, Croatia. Inclusion criteria were patients with either presenile or senile cataract or cataract related to PEX syndrome who undertook PHACO procedure by the same experienced surgeon using the same PHACO device (Infiniti Vision System, Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA). Eyes were categorized according to PEX presence- (PEX group) or absence (Group without PEX). The following recorded data about intraoperative PHACO parameters were collected: Cumulative Dissipated Energy (CDE), Ultrasound total time, PHACO time, torsional time, aspiration time, estimated fluid used, and duration of the surgical procedure. In the economic analysis, all PHACO parameters were considered, with a specific focus on the duration of the surgical procedure, costs associated with additional medical materials and devices, complications during surgery, and surgery procedure Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) codes. Results: A total of 4535 cases were eligible for inclusion in the study, 278 (6.13%) were diagnosed with PEX and 4257 (93.87%) had no PEX. Significantly higher PHACO parameters were observed in the PEX group. Similarly, a statistically significant increase in the values of all PHACO parameters was observed with the increase in nuclear lens density. Intraoperative complications were more frequent in the PEX group. Zonular weakness requiring the use of a capsular tension ring (CTR) and posterior capsular rupture occurred 30 and 13 times more often, respectively, in the PEX group. The expected cost of the PHACO procedure was found to be 1.4 times higher in patients with PEX, compared to those without PEX, for all types of nuclear cataract. Conclusions: All PHACO parameters are significantly higher in patients with PEX. The costs associated with PHACO surgery for cataracts are greater for patients with PEX and are not covered by the present DRG codes, which highlights the need to accordingly adjust the DRGs for PHACO procedures in PEX patients, in order to maintain the quality of healthcare provided for these vulnerable patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology)
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13 pages, 4309 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Choroidal and Retinal Features in Patients with Primary Vasculitis—An Original Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
by Urszula Szydełko-Paśko, Joanna Przeździecka-Dołyk, Andrzej Dołyk, Artur Małyszczak and Marta Misiuk-Hojło
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(21), 6827; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216827 - 29 Oct 2023
Viewed by 966
Abstract
Ocular manifestations have been described in the course of various types of vasculitis. However, there seems to be no routine ophthalmological examinations for patients suffering from those diseases. To ensure holistic care we aimed to investigate any retinal and choroidal abnormalities in patients [...] Read more.
Ocular manifestations have been described in the course of various types of vasculitis. However, there seems to be no routine ophthalmological examinations for patients suffering from those diseases. To ensure holistic care we aimed to investigate any retinal and choroidal abnormalities in patients suffering from primary vasculitis. The objective was to use non-invasive methods, which would not be time- and cost-consuming, yet would be helpful in routine tests. We conducted a prospective and observational study in 41 patients (78 eyes) with 5 types of primary vasculitis, including: Takayasu’s arteritis; giant cell arteritis; Buerger’s disease; granulomatosis with polyangiitis; and polyarteritis nodosa. A total of 44 healthy individuals were enrolled in the control group for comparison (88 eyes). With the use of optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, and MATLAB, the following parameters were assessed: choroidal thickness; vascularity index; area and perimeter of foveal avascular zone; and circularity index. The following parameters were lower in the study group compared to the control group: mean nasal and temporal CTs; mean central, temporal, and nasal CVI; and mean CI. In contrast, the results of mean central CT as well as the area and perimeter of FAZ were higher in the study group. The differences were statistically significant in the case of all parameters except for CI. Conducting routine ophthalmological examinations in patients diagnosed with vasculitis by assessment of the retina and choroid by measuring parameters like CT, CVI, area and perimeter of FAZ, and CI could be beneficial, as it may detect pathological changes before any ocular symptoms alarm the patients. CVI seems to be especially promising for choroidal evaluation, as it appears to be less influenced by various factors compared to CT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology)
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10 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Cataract Surgery on the Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Cohort Study
by Chaeyeon Lee, Eunhae Shin, Mina Kim, Yoonjong Bae, Tae-Young Chung, Sang Won Seo, Hyemin Jang and Dong Hui Lim
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6441; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206441 - 10 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1445
Abstract
Background: An advanced age and the female sex are widely recognized risk factors for both cataract and dementia. We investigated the effect of cataract surgery on the incidence of dementia in a Korean population aged ≥ 45 years with a previous diagnosis of [...] Read more.
Background: An advanced age and the female sex are widely recognized risk factors for both cataract and dementia. We investigated the effect of cataract surgery on the incidence of dementia in a Korean population aged ≥ 45 years with a previous diagnosis of cataract. Methods: This nationwide cohort study was performed using Korean National Health Insurance Service data collected from 2006 to 2017. A total of 300,327 subjects aged ≥ 45 years with a history of cataract diagnosis but no previous diagnosis of dementia were analyzed. The relationship between cataract surgery and dementia was evaluated, applying a time-varying analysis to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values according to dementia. It was calculated via a multivariable Cox regression model, with adjustments for age, sex, visual acuity (VA), ocular and systemic comorbidities, and social factors (including body mass index, income, smoking, and drinking). Results: In the multivariate analysis, the cataract surgery group showed a marginal difference in dementia development (HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.02–1.19]) because both cataract and dementia share common risk factors. However, in the subgroup analysis, men (HR 0.49 [95% CI 0.26–0.90]) and patients under 65 years of age (HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.79–0.99]) in the group with cataract surgery and good VA showed a significantly lower incidence of dementia. Conclusion: Through visual improvement, together with timely surgical intervention, the procedure can alleviate the risk of dementia in visually impaired patients, especially in younger and male patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology)
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11 pages, 1914 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of a Modified Treat-and-Extend Aflibercept Regimen for Macular Oedema in Eyes with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: 2-Year Prospective Study
by Yusuke Arai, Hidenori Takahashi, Satoru Inoda, Shinichi Sakamoto, Xue Tan, Hidetoshi Kawashima and Yasuo Yanagi
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 5089; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155089 - 2 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1169
Abstract
This prospective, multicentre, interventional study evaluated the efficacy of a modified treat-and-extend (mTAE) aflibercept regimen as personalized therapy for macular oedema (MO) due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Fifty eyes were studied from 50 patients who were enrolled between November 2016 and [...] Read more.
This prospective, multicentre, interventional study evaluated the efficacy of a modified treat-and-extend (mTAE) aflibercept regimen as personalized therapy for macular oedema (MO) due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Fifty eyes were studied from 50 patients who were enrolled between November 2016 and July 2019. All patients received intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) injections on an mTAE regimen for 24 months. Primary outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints were BCVA and CST at 24 months. Mean (standard deviation) baseline BCVA (logMAR) and CST were 0.50 (0.51) and 557 (240) µm, respectively. BCVA and CST showed significant improvements at month 12 (0.19 (0.38) and 275 (98) µm, respectively; both p < 0.0001, paired t-test). BCVA and CST also showed significant improvements at 24 months (0.26 (0.50) and 255 (91) µm, respectively, p = 0.0004 and p < 0.0001, paired t-test). The mean numbers of IVA injections and clinic visits over the 24-month study period were 6.2 (3.0) and 10.3 (1.0), respectively. The mTAE regimen of IVA injections for MO due to CRVO was effective in improving BCVA and decreasing CST at 24 months. The mTAE regimen might be an effective personalized therapy for CRVO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology)
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11 pages, 1545 KiB  
Article
Association of Glaucoma with the Risk of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study
by Han-Wei Yeh, Chi-Tzu Chung, Chao-Kai Chang, Chao-Bin Yeh, Bo-Yuan Wang, Chia-Yi Lee, Yu-Hsun Wang, Liang-Tsai Yeh and Shun-Fa Yang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(14), 4800; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144800 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 999
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential association between glaucoma and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The study recruited patients, including 101,309 with glaucoma and 1,860,528 without a glaucoma diagnosis, from a population of 2 million patients in the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Propensity [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the potential association between glaucoma and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The study recruited patients, including 101,309 with glaucoma and 1,860,528 without a glaucoma diagnosis, from a population of 2 million patients in the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Propensity score matching was performed between the two groups, matching for age, sex, and comorbidities. In total, 95,575 patients with glaucoma and 95,575 patients without glaucoma were analyzed for their risk of developing peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The analysis of the data revealed that the glaucoma group had a higher incidence density (ID = 4.13) of peripheral arterial occlusive disease than the non-glaucoma group (ID = 3.42). The relative risk for the glaucoma group was 1.21 (95% C.I. = 1.15–1.28). Cox proportional hazard model analysis indicated that the glaucoma group had a higher risk of developing peripheral arterial occlusive disease (HR = 1.18; 95% C.I. = 1.12–1.25). The subgroup analysis of the risk of PAOD showed that the glaucoma group had a higher risk of developing peripheral arterial occlusive disease in the age group of 20 to 39 (p for interaction = 0.002). In conclusion, patients with glaucoma were associated with a higher risk of subsequent peripheral arterial occlusive disease compared with those without a diagnosis of glaucoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Translation and Clinical Research of Ophthalmology)
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