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Current and Future Trends in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
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Current and Future Trends in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Otolaryngology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2024 | Viewed by 6194

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Konstantinos Chaidas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Interests: obstructive sleep apnoea; snoring; robotic surgery; thyroid surgery; parathyroid surgery; head and neck; paediatric otorhinolaryngology; rhinology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in available knowledge in the specialty of otorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery. Namely, there has been remarkable development in medical treatment modalities, surgical techniques, and technology involved in the management of ENT pathologies. Our Special Issue ‘Current and Future Trends in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery’ aims to provide readers with the latest developments in the field of otorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery and highlight current and future trends.

We are pleased to invite authors to submit their manuscripts to our Special Issue. We welcome original or review articles and selected case reports related to all aspects of the field of otorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery including but not limited to oncology, laryngology, rhinology, skull base surgery, sleep-disordered breathing, otology, neurotology, immunotherapy, innovative surgical procedures, robotic surgery, and artificial intelligence.

Dr. Konstantinos Chaidas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • otorhinolaryngology
  • head and neck
  • innovation
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • surgery

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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14 pages, 1736 KiB  
Article
Electrical Ear Canal Stimulation as a Therapeutic Approach for Tinnitus—A Proof of Concept Study
by Jana Vater, Moritz Gröschel, Agnieszka J. Szczepek and Heidi Olze
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2663; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092663 - 1 May 2024
Viewed by 2440
Abstract
Background: Tinnitus—the perception of sound despite the absence of an external source—can be a debilitating condition for which there are currently no pharmacological remedies. Our proof of concept study focused on the immediate effects of non-invasive electrical stimulation through the ear canal on [...] Read more.
Background: Tinnitus—the perception of sound despite the absence of an external source—can be a debilitating condition for which there are currently no pharmacological remedies. Our proof of concept study focused on the immediate effects of non-invasive electrical stimulation through the ear canal on loudness and tinnitus-induced distress. In addition, we aimed to identify variables that may affect the simulation outcomes. Methods: Sixty-six patients (29 women and 37 men, mean age 54.4 ± 10.4) with chronic tinnitus were recruited to the tertiary referral hospital between December 2019 and December 2021. They underwent 10 min of electrical stimulation through the ear canal for three consecutive days. Visual analog scales measured loudness and tinnitus-induced distress immediately before and after stimulation. Results: After three days of electrical stimulation, tinnitus loudness decreased in 47% of patients, 45.5% reported no change, and 7.6% reported worsening. Tinnitus severity decreased in 36.4% of cases, 59.1% of patients reported no change, and 4.5% reported worsening. Women responded positively to therapy earlier than men. In addition, tinnitus distress decreased in patients with compensated tinnitus but not in those with uncompensated tinnitus. Finally, patients with bilateral tinnitus improved earlier than those with unilateral tinnitus, and the age of the patients did not influence the stimulation results. Conclusions: Our proof of concept study confirms the potential of non-invasive electrical stimulation of the ear as a promising screening approach to identifying patients for more advanced electrostimulation treatment, such as an extracochlear anti-tinnitus implant. These findings have practical implications for tinnitus management, offering hope for improved patient care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery)
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10 pages, 1851 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Subjective Nasal Patency and Nasal Capacity in Young Adults: A Pilot Study with a Prototype Device—A Nasoorospirometer
by Katarzyna Zasadzińska-Stempniak, Hanna Zajączkiewicz and Andrzej Kukwa
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2506; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092506 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 835
Abstract
Background: Nasal airway obstruction (NAO) is characterised by high resistance in the nasal cavity with a collapsible and narrowed upper airway and is an integral part of OSA pathophysiology. The literature demonstrates that the identification of high-risk OSA in the young adult population [...] Read more.
Background: Nasal airway obstruction (NAO) is characterised by high resistance in the nasal cavity with a collapsible and narrowed upper airway and is an integral part of OSA pathophysiology. The literature demonstrates that the identification of high-risk OSA in the young adult population leads to the prevention of later health consequences. A nasoorospirometer is a prototype device that measures nasal capacity during inspiration. The basis for measurement is a Wheatstone bridge and a thermal anemometer. The parameters are recorded via hot wire anemometry (HTA) with velocity measurements in the airflow field. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to test the feasibility of the device by examining a young adult sample. The secondary aim was to determine whether subjective NAO correlates with nasal capacity and whether NAO corresponds with anthropometric parameters and individual risk of OSA. Methods: A group of 31 participants (mean age 24.9 years) underwent a thorough laryngological examination. The nasoorospirometer was used to measure objective NAO (nasal capacity), the NOSE scale was used to gain subjective NAO evaluation, and the Berlin Questionnaire for the risk of OSA. Results: A correlation analysis confirmed no significant associations between the subjective and objective measures (p > 0.05). Higher BMI and neck circumference are associated with lower NAO and higher nasal patency in the population of young adults (r: 0.32–0.45; p < 0.05). The risk of OSA showed no statistically significant association (p > 0.05). Conclusions: We presented three methods of NAO assessment: subjective participant evaluation, objective nasoosopirometry, and objective laryngological assessment. However, the use of a nasoorospirometer with anthropometric measures in young adults needs to be verified in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery)
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8 pages, 207 KiB  
Article
The COVID-19 Tracheostomy Experience at a Large Academic Medical Center in New York during the First Year
by Dhruv Patel, Anthony Devivo, Evan Leibner, Atinuke Shittu, Usha Govindarajulu, Pranai Tandon, David Lee, Randall Owen, Gustavo Fernandez-Ranvier, Robert Hiensch, Michael Marin, Roopa Kohli-Seth and Adel Bassily-Marcus
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 2130; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072130 - 7 Apr 2024
Viewed by 847
Abstract
Background: New York City was the epicenter of the initial surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Tracheostomy is a critical procedure in the care of patients with COVID-19. We hypothesized that early tracheostomy would decrease the length of time on [...] Read more.
Background: New York City was the epicenter of the initial surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Tracheostomy is a critical procedure in the care of patients with COVID-19. We hypothesized that early tracheostomy would decrease the length of time on sedation, time on mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit length of stay, and mortality. Methods: A retrospective analysis of outcomes for all patients with COVID-19 who underwent tracheostomy during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, New York. All adult intensive care units at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York. Patients/subjects: 888 patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19. Results: All patients admitted to the intensive care unit with COVID-19 (888) from 1 March 2020 to 1 March 2021 were analyzed and separated further into those intubated (544) and those requiring tracheostomy (177). Of those receiving tracheostomy, outcomes were analyzed for early (≤12 days) or late (>12 days) tracheostomy. Demographics, medical history, laboratory values, type of oxygen and ventilatory support, and clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Conclusions: Early tracheostomy resulted in reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, reduced hospital length of stay, and reduced intensive care unit length of stay in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with COVID-19. There was no effect on overall mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery)
8 pages, 6417 KiB  
Article
Recurrent Sialolithiasis following Intraoral Deep Hilar/Intraparenchymal Stone Removal from Wharton’s Duct
by Konstantinos Tarazis, Konstantinos Garefis, Angelos Chatziavramidis and Iordanis Konstantinidis
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030909 - 5 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 808
Abstract
(1) Background: Submandibular gland (SMG) sialolithiasis treatment has shifted significantly, favouring minimal invasiveness. Nonetheless, transoral stone removal remains viable for distal, deep hilar, and intraparenchymal stones. However, data are limited regarding recurrence and revision surgery; (2) Patients/Methods: This retrospective study included 226 patients [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Submandibular gland (SMG) sialolithiasis treatment has shifted significantly, favouring minimal invasiveness. Nonetheless, transoral stone removal remains viable for distal, deep hilar, and intraparenchymal stones. However, data are limited regarding recurrence and revision surgery; (2) Patients/Methods: This retrospective study included 226 patients with SMG stones treated using Wharton’s duct slitting and marsupialisation over nine years; 138 had deep hilar or intraparenchymal stones, while 88 had distal stones. Of the former group, 18 experienced symptom recurrence post-surgery, 12 with stones and 6 with duct stenosis; (3) Results: Of the 126 patients without recurrent stones, 71% were male and 29% were female. Their mean age was 51.02 ± 9.36 years. The stones of the 126 patients without recurrence had a diameter of 8.3 mm ± SD: 4 mm, which was significantly smaller than those of the patients who experienced recurrence (13.8 mm ± SD: 2.4 mm; p < 0.05). The mean estimated stone growth recurrence rate was 8.4 ± SD: 1.8 mm per year. A secondary operation was performed 34 ± SD: 14.7 months after the first. Of the patients with recurrence, 91.7% were treated under general anaesthesia. The preferred treatment for 58.4% of patients was intraoral revision operation; the remainder underwent total gland resection. The mean follow-up period was 43 ± SD: 18 months; (4) Conclusions: The rate of revision surgery was relatively low. In recurrent SMG sialolithiasis, new stones may grow faster than the primary stones, which are already larger than those in patients without recurrence. The slitting and marsupialisation of Wharton’s duct can treat recurrent cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery)
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12 pages, 1013 KiB  
Systematic Review
Adverse Events with Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea—A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Real-World Data
by Mathias Wollny, Clemens Heiser, Ulrich Sommer, Christoph Schöbel and Marcel Braun
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4282; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154282 - 23 Jul 2024
Viewed by 624
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) a decade ago. Long-term clinical trials and real-world data show that HNS treatment provides significant and sustained improvements in both OSA disease control and quality-of-life measures [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) a decade ago. Long-term clinical trials and real-world data show that HNS treatment provides significant and sustained improvements in both OSA disease control and quality-of-life measures over time. Given the nature of HNS treatment, with the requirement of using an implantable neurostimulation system, patient safety is a critical domain in the assessment of this technology. The objective of this review was to evaluate adverse events (AEs) and complications with HNS therapy in a systematic review of published evidence. Methods: Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled and real-world observational studies reporting relevant outcomes with HNS therapy for treatment of OSA that included procedure-, device-, and treatment-related AEs. Results: Out of 418 articles screened, 27 were reviewed for eligibility, and 17 studies, the majority found to have low-to-moderate risk of bias, with data on 1962 patients were included for further analysis. Across included studies, reporting of AEs was heterogeneous with regard to the classifications used and the extent of reporting. Over an average follow-up duration of 17.5 ± 16.9 months, the pooled mortality rate was 0.01% (95% CI = 0.0 to 0.2%), with all reported deaths being unrelated to HNS treatment. The HNS system survival probability over the follow-up time of 60 months was 0.9834 (95% CI = 0.9768 to 0.9882), with infections and request for removal by patients being the most common indications. The pooled surgical revision rate was 0.08% (95% CI 0.0 to 0.2%). Most reported treatment-related side effects were transient stimulation-related discomfort (0.08%, 95% CI = 0.0 to 0.2%) and tongue abrasions (0.07%, 95% CI = 0.0 to 0.2%). Based on the systematic review, a standardized set of endpoints was defined, aiming to harmonize safety data relevant to HNS therapy. Conclusions: In this systematic review, HNS therapy for treatment of OSA is associated with a positive patient safety profile. AEs occur mainly at device implantation and during the treatment acclimatization period. Due to a lack of available evidence, partially implantable HNS systems are underrepresented in this review, which limits the generalizability of the results. Significant heterogeneity was found for adverse event reporting. A framework for reporting HNS outcomes that includes AEs and side effects is proposed to facilitate comparability of the reported data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery)
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