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Recent Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care: Perspective from Fetal to...
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Recent Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care: Perspective from Fetal to Neonatal, and Child Disease

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 4835

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kazumichi Fujioka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
Interests: neonatology; perinatal infection; sepsis model; neonatal jaundice
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hidehiko Nakanishi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Department of Advanced Medicine, Division of Neonatal Intensive Care Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
Interests: neonatology; pulmonology; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; BPD model mice; network database
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shinji Nakamura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
Interests: neonatology; asphyxia; perinatal transition; NIRS; piglet model
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of JCM, entitled “Recent Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care: Perspective from Fetal to Neonatal, and Child Disease”, offers an opportunity to publish high-quality research, reviews, and case series that further improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of preterm infants and neonatal diseases, as well as the development of new therapeutic approaches.

Over the last few decades, neonatal mortality has dramatically improved; however, the morbidity and developmental problems experienced by survivors have not yet been resolved. In this SI, the editors would like to discuss the recent advances in neonatal intensive care from the perspective of fetus to childhood. We welcome clinical, basic, and epidemiological research. Submissions that discuss new knowledge, developments, and innovations in neonatal intensive care and the novel mechanisms of neonatal diseases are particularly encouraged. We invite you to submit articles on topics including, but not limited to, the following: 

  • Fetal and Neonatal Physiology;
  • Neonatal Lung Disease;
  • Neonatal Brain Injury;
  • Neonatal Jaundice;
  • Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn;
  • Neonatal Imaging;
  • Neonatal Drug Development;
  • Neonatal Infectious Diseases;
  • Inherited Metabolic Diseases;
  • Perinatal Transition.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in IJERPH.

Dr. Kazumichi Fujioka
Prof. Dr. Hidehiko Nakanishi
Dr. Shinji Nakamura
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neonatal intensive care
  • neonatal diseases
  • preterm infants
  • Neonatal Imaging
  • Neonatal Drug Development
  • Neonatal Infectious Diseases

Published Papers (4 papers)

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16 pages, 1859 KiB  
Article
Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines in Resuscitation and the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Extremely Preterm Infants during Two Epochs in Romania: Impact on Outcomes
by Manuela Cucerea, Marta Simon, Mădălina Anciuc-Crauciuc, Raluca Marian, Monika Rusneac and Maria Livia Ognean
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(4), 1103; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041103 - 15 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1206
Abstract
Background: Adequate perinatal management is essential in caring for extremely preterm (EP) infants. We aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of different protocols on short-term outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on EP infants in a Romanian perinatal tertiary center during [...] Read more.
Background: Adequate perinatal management is essential in caring for extremely preterm (EP) infants. We aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of different protocols on short-term outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on EP infants in a Romanian perinatal tertiary center during 2008–2012 and 2018–2022. Results: Data on 270 EP infants (121 in period I, 149 in period II) were analyzed collectively and stratified into two subgroups by gestational age. Initial FiO2 administration (100% vs. 40%% p < 0.001), lung recruitment at birth (19.0% vs. 55.7% p < 0.001), early rescue surfactant administration (34.7% vs. 65.8%; p < 0.001), and the mechanical ventilation rate (98.3% vs. 58.4%; p < 0.001) were significantly improved during period II. Survival rates of EP infants significantly improved from 41.3% to 72.5%, particularly in the 26–28 weeks subgroup (63.8% to 83%). Compared to period I, the overall frequency of severe IVH decreased in period II from 30.6% to 14.1%; also, BPD rates were lower (36.6% vs. 23.4%; p = 0.045) in the 26–28 weeks subgroup. Despite improvements, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of NEC, sepsis, PVL, ROP, or PDA. Conclusions: Implementing evidence-based clinical guidelines can improve short-term outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care: Perspective from Fetal to Neonatal, and Child Disease)
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8 pages, 970 KiB  
Article
Changes to Blood-Sampling Protocol to Reduce the Sampling Amount in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Quality Improvement Project
by Nayoung Jung, Chan Kim, Hanna Kim, Yekyeng Seo, Jieun Hwang, Misun Yang, So Yoon Ahn, Se In Sung and Yun Sil Chang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(17), 5712; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175712 - 1 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1142
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate whether the implementation of a modified blood-sampling protocol, which focused on need-based laboratory testing and minimized venous sampling by replacing it with point-of-care testing (POCT) via capillary puncture, successfully reduced iatrogenic blood loss, incidence of anemia, [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate whether the implementation of a modified blood-sampling protocol, which focused on need-based laboratory testing and minimized venous sampling by replacing it with point-of-care testing (POCT) via capillary puncture, successfully reduced iatrogenic blood loss, incidence of anemia, and the frequency of blood transfusion among extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) without negatively affecting neonatal outcomes. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 313 ELBWIs with a gestational age (GA) of between 23 and 28 weeks and born between 2013 and 2019. The infants were divided into two groups corresponding to the periods before (period I) and after (period II) the implementation of the modified blood-sampling protocol in January 2016. Propensity score matching was conducted to minimize selection bias. Clinical data, including the frequency and amount of blood sampling, the frequency and volume of blood transfusion, and clinical characteristics, such as gestational age, birth weight, and neonatal outcome data, were collected and compared between the two groups. (3) Results: No significant differences in GA or birth weight between the two periods were observed. The total sampling volume a month after birth (16.7 ± 4.1 mL vs. 15.6 ± 4.4 mL, p = 0.03) and the total sampling volume during hospitalization days (51.4 ± 29.7 mL vs. 44.3 ± 27.5 mL, p = 0.04) in period II were significantly lower than those in period I. There were no differences in terms of anemia (hemoglobin 10.8 ± 2.2 vs. 11.0 ± 1.9, p = 0.43) and mortality or morbidity, such as intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis, between the two periods. Although the transfusion frequency and amount did not present significant differences between the periods, we observed a positive correlation between the transfusion frequency and sampling volume (coefficient: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.08–0.11). (4) Conclusions: The modified blood-sampling protocol effectively reduced the level of iatrogenic blood loss without negatively affecting the neonatal outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care: Perspective from Fetal to Neonatal, and Child Disease)
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8 pages, 470 KiB  
Case Report
Severe Cholestasis in Neonates with Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn—A Case Report
by Agnieszka Drozdowska-Szymczak, Julia Proczka, Natalia Mazanowska, Artur Ludwin and Paweł Krajewski
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(5), 1272; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051272 - 23 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 970
Abstract
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) may cause severe cholestasis with direct bilirubin concentrations reaching up to 50 times the upper limit of normal. This case report describes twins whose highest direct bilirubin concentrations were 32.2 mg/dL and 50.2 mg/dL, with [...] Read more.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) may cause severe cholestasis with direct bilirubin concentrations reaching up to 50 times the upper limit of normal. This case report describes twins whose highest direct bilirubin concentrations were 32.2 mg/dL and 50.2 mg/dL, with no significant signs of hepatic impairment. The index pregnancy was complicated by Rhesus factor immunization with anti-D antibodies present in maternal serum, which caused fetal anemia requiring intrauterine blood transfusions. Complementary tests demonstrated Rhesus D alloimmunization as the sole cause of cholestasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe such elevated direct bilirubin concentrations caused by HDFN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care: Perspective from Fetal to Neonatal, and Child Disease)
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8 pages, 747 KiB  
Case Report
Liver Dysfunction with Severe Cholestasis and Coagulation Disorders in the Course of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Requiring Chelation Therapy—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
by Agnieszka Drozdowska-Szymczak, Julia Proczka, Danuta Chrzanowska-Liszewska, Krzysztof Truszkowski, Natalia Mazanowska and Paweł Krajewski
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(24), 7645; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12247645 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1164
Abstract
Severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) requiring intrauterine transfusions (IUTs) may cause iron accumulation, resulting in liver damage, which may lead to cholestasis and coagulation disorders. In this article, we reported a case of a female neonate who underwent chelation [...] Read more.
Severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) requiring intrauterine transfusions (IUTs) may cause iron accumulation, resulting in liver damage, which may lead to cholestasis and coagulation disorders. In this article, we reported a case of a female neonate who underwent chelation therapy with a positive outcome, and we reviewed the English and Polish literature on chelation therapy in HDFN available in PubMed. The patient with maximum ferritin concentration above 33,511.2 ng/mL developed liver dysfunction with coagulation disorders requiring multiple transfusions of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), Octaplex® and cryoprecipitate, and hypoalbuminemia treated with numerous albumin infusions. Furthermore, severe cholestasis was observed with direct bilirubin levels up to 33.14 mg/dL. Additionally, the child developed transient myelosuppression with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and low reticulocyte count due to several blood transfusions. The differential diagnosis tests were conducted to rule out any causes of hepatic failure other than hemolytic disease of the newborn. This case proves that adequate treatment of severe HDFN with anemia requiring IUT and hepatic failure can lead to positive outcomes with no long-term consequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care: Perspective from Fetal to Neonatal, and Child Disease)
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