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Recent Developments in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic...
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Recent Developments in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 2631

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Konstantinos Tziomalos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: dyslipidemia; stroke; diabetes; cardiovascular disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest chronic liver disease. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial. Obesity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and subclinical inflammation are strongly related to the development of NAFLD, but several other risk factors have been recently recognized. The gold standard for the diagnosis of NAFLD is liver biopsy. However, given the high prevalence of the disease and the not-negligible risk associated with biopsy, several non-invasive methods have been developed for the diagnosis of NAFLD and the differentiation between isolated steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Notably, patients with NAFLD are at increased risk not only for liver-related complications, including progression to cirrhosis and development of hepatocellular cancer, but also for cardiovascular events. Therefore, the management of NAFLD aims to reduce the risk of both liver-related and cardiovascular complications. The present Special Issue aims to summarize the current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of NAFLD.

Dr. Konstantinos Tziomalos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
  • steatosis
  • fibrosis
  • cardiovascular disease
  • hepatocellular cancer
  • cirrhosis
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • insulin resistance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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6 pages, 224 KiB  
Article
Hepatic Fibrosis Is a Risk Factor for Greater Severity and Worse Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke
by Eleftheria Ztriva, Adonis Protopapas, Pavlos Mentizis, Anastasios Papadopoulos, Christiana Gogou, Maria Kiosi, Maria Kyziroglou, Ioanna Minopoulou, Anastasia Gkounta, Erofili Papathanasiou, Evangelos Cholongitas, Christos Savopoulos and Konstantinos Tziomalos
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(17), 5141; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175141 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1250
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly in the presence of hepatic fibrosis, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke. However, it is unclear whether hepatic fibrosis is associated with the severity and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Aim: [...] Read more.
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly in the presence of hepatic fibrosis, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke. However, it is unclear whether hepatic fibrosis is associated with the severity and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between hepatic fibrosis and the severity at admission and in-hospital outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Patients and methods: We prospectively studied all patients who were admitted to our department with acute ischemic stroke between September 2010 and February 2018 (n = 1107; 42.1% males, age 79.8 ± 7.2 years). The severity of stroke was assessed at admission with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Severe stroke was defined as NIHSS ≥ 21. The presence of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated with the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). The outcome was assessed with dependency at discharge (modified Rankin Scale between 2 and 5) and with in-hospital mortality. Results: Patients with severe stroke had a higher FIB-4 index than patients with non-severe stroke (2.7 ± 1.7 and 2.3 ± 1.4, respectively; p < 0.05). Independent risk factors for severe IS were age (relative risk (RR) 1.064, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.030–1.100, p < 0.001), female sex (RR 1.723, 95% CI 1.100–2.698, p = 0.012), atrial fibrillation (RR 1.869, 95% CI 1.234–2.831, p = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (RR 1.019, 95% CI 1.006–1.033, p = 0.001), and the FIB-4 index (RR 1.130, 95% CI 1.007–1.268, p = 0.022). At discharge, 64.2% of patients were dependent. The FIB-4 index did not differ between patients who were dependent and those who were independent at the time of discharge (2.3 ± 1.5 and 2.1 ± 1.2, respectively; p = 0.061). During hospitalization, 9.8% of patients died. Patients who died during hospitalization had a higher FIB-4 index than those who were discharged (2.9 ± 1.8 and 2.3 ± 1.4, respectively; p < 0.005). Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality were DBP (RR 1.022, 95% CI 1.010–1.034, p < 0.001), serum glucose levels (RR 1.004, 95% CI 1.001–1.007, p = 0.007), serum triglyceride levels (RR 0.993, 95% CI 0.987–0.999, p = 0.023), NIHSS (RR 1.120, 95% CI 1.092–1.149, p < 0.001), and the FIB-4 index (RR 1.169, 95% CI 1.060–1.289, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Hepatic fibrosis, evaluated with the FIB-4 index, appears to be associated with more severe ischemic stroke and might also represent an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)

Review

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14 pages, 488 KiB  
Review
Ramadan Fasting in Individuals with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Liver Transplant, and Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review
by Musaab Ahmed and Mohamed H. Ahmed
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(13), 3893; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133893 - 2 Jul 2024
Viewed by 900
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a growing worldwide pandemic. A limited number of studies have investigated the potential effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There is no single medication for the treatment of MASLD. There is a [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a growing worldwide pandemic. A limited number of studies have investigated the potential effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There is no single medication for the treatment of MASLD. There is a growing interest in dietary intervention as potential treatment for metabolic diseases including MASLD. The aim of this study was to discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors of MASLD and the potential effects of Ramadan fasting on MASLD, liver transplant, and bariatric surgery. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS databases using different search terms. The literature search was based on research studies published in English from the year 2000 to the 2024. Thirty-two studies were included in this review. Ramadan fasting reduced body weight and improved lipid profile, anthropometric indices, fasting plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and inflammatory cytokines. Ramadan fasting improved risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and might improve MASLD through weight reduction. However, further studies are needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of Ramadan fasting in liver transplant recipients and bariatric surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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