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Bladder Cancer: Surgical Treatment and Prognosis

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2024) | Viewed by 4089

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amin H. Nassar

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Guest Editor

Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
Interests: genetics; population; biomarkers; tumor; epigenomics; immunogenomics; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is a broad spectrum of new developments in the therapeutic armamentarium of bladder cancer. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight surgical treatment approaches and prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers in bladder cancer. The goal behind this is to identify tools that have a chance to be implemented in new diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. Original article submissions focused on genetic and epigenetic research, artificial intelligence, surgical techniques, new imaging modalities, and biomarkers are welcome. Review articles are permitted. The articles in this Special Issue are intended to help implement novel methods for everyday clinical approaches to diagnostics and treatment in different areas of bladder cancer.

Dr. Amin H. Nassar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

surgery
robotics
bladder cancer
urothelial carcinoma
genetics
genomics
epigenetics
biomarkers
imaging

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FGFR3 Mutations in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Single-Center Study Using Next-Generation Sequencing

by Seong Hyeon Yu, Sung sun Kim, Shinseung Kim, Hyungki Lee and Taek Won Kang

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(5), 1305; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051305 - 25 Feb 2024

Viewed by 893

Abstract

Background: Mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) are associated with urothelial carcinoma (UC) oncogenesis and are considered an important therapeutic target. Therefore, we evaluated the FGFR3 mutation rate and its clinical significance in urothelial carcinoma (UC) using next-generation sequencing. Methods: A total of 123 patients with UC who were treated at Chonnam National University Hospital (Gwang-ju, Korea) from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. We performed NGS using the Oncomine panel with tumor specimens and blood samples corresponding to each specimen. We analyzed the FGFR3 mutation results according to the type of UC and the effects on early recurrence and progression. Results: The mean age of the patients was 71.39 ± 9.33 years, and 103 patients (83.7%) were male. Overall, the FGFR3 mutation rate was 30.1% (37 patients). The FGFR3 mutation rate was the highest in the non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) group (45.1%), followed by the muscle-invasive bladder cancer (22.7%) and upper tract UC (UTUC) (14.3%) groups. Patients with FGFR3 mutations had a significantly lower disease stage (p = 0.019) but a high-risk of NMIBC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results revealed that FGFR3 mutations were more prevalent in patients with NMIBC and lower stage UC and associated with a high-risk of NMIBC. Large multicenter studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of FGFR3 mutations in UC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bladder Cancer: Surgical Treatment and Prognosis)

11 pages, 510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ileal Conduit versus Cutaneous Ureterostomy after Open Radical Cystectomy: Comparison of 90-Day Morbidity and Tube Dependence at Intermediate Term Follow-Up

by Parth U. Thakker, Justin Manuel Refugia, Dylan Wolff, Randy Casals, Corey Able, Davis Temple, Alejandro R. Rodríguez and Matvey Tsivian

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030911 - 5 Feb 2024

Viewed by 846

Abstract

Background: This study aims to compare perioperative morbidity and drainage tube dependence following open radical cystectomy (ORC) with ileal conduit (IC) or cutaneous ureterostomy (CU) for bladder cancer. Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing ORC with IC or CU urinary diversion between 2020 and 2023 was carried out. The 90-day perioperative morbidity, as per Clavien–Dindo (C.D.) complication rates (Minor C.D. I–II, Major C.D. III–V), and urinary drainage tube dependence (ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube) after tube-free trial were assessed. Results: The study included 56 patients (IC: 26, CU: 30) with a 14-month median follow-up. At 90 days after IC or CU, the frequencies of any, minor, and major C.D. complications were similar (any—69% vs. 77%; minor—61% vs. 73%; major—46% vs. 30%, respectively, p > 0.2). Tube-free trial was performed in 86% of patients with similar rates of tube replacement (19% IC vs. 32% CU, p = 0.34) and tube-free survival at 12 months was assessed (76% IC vs. 70% CU, p = 0.31). Conclusions: Compared to the ORC+IC, ORC+CU has similar rates of both 90-day perioperative complications and 12-month tube-free dependence. CU should be offered to select patients as an alternative to IC urinary diversion after RC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bladder Cancer: Surgical Treatment and Prognosis)

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Review

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14 pages, 446 KiB

Open AccessReview

Integrating the PD-L1 Prognostic Biomarker in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice—A Comprehensive Review on State-of-the-Art Advances and Critical Issues

by Francesca Sanguedolce, Ugo Giovanni Falagario, Magda Zanelli, Andrea Palicelli, Maurizio Zizzo, Gian Maria Busetto, Angelo Cormio, Giuseppe Carrieri and Luigi Cormio

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082182 - 10 Apr 2024

Viewed by 573

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), comprising the majority of initial BC presentations, requires accurate risk stratification for optimal management. This review explores the evolving role of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a prognostic biomarker in NMIBC, with a particular focus on its implications in the context of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy. The literature suggests a potential association between elevated PD-L1 status and adverse outcomes, resistance to BCG treatment, and disease progression. However, conflicting findings and methodological issues highlight the heterogeneity of PD-L1 assessment in NMIBC, probably due to the complex biological mechanisms that regulate the interaction between PD-L1 and the tumor microenvironment. The identification of PD-L1 as a prognostic biomarker provides ground for tailored therapeutic interventions, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nevertheless, challenges such as intratumoral heterogeneity and technical issues underscore the need for standardized protocols and larger, homogeneous trials. This review contributes to the ongoing debate on the personalized management of NMIBC patients, focusing on the advances and perspectives of incorporating PD-L1 as a biomarker in this setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bladder Cancer: Surgical Treatment and Prognosis)

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12 pages, 3437 KiB

Open AccessReview

Evidence-Based Analysis of the Critical Steps of Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

by Vincent D. D’Andrea, Kevin Melnick, Kendrick Yim, John Ernandez, Nnamdi Onochie, Timothy N. Clinton, Graeme S. Steele, Mark A. Preston, Adam S. Kibel and Matthew Mossanen

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(21), 6845; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216845 - 30 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1260

Abstract

Radical cystectomy (RC) is an integral part of the management of patients with advanced-stage bladder cancer. This major oncologic operation is prone to complications resulting in morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the critical steps of open RC, performed an evidence-based review of these steps, and discussed our experience and approach. We conducted a literature review of the open RC technique, identified the critical steps that consistently appeared across different sources, and organized these steps into a framework. PubMed was queried with the critical steps as keywords for relevant articles published from 1 January 2013 to 1 August 2023. We utilized this query to conduct a systematic review of the literature using the outcomes of overall survival and 90-day complication rate. We developed the “Summary for the 10 Critical Operative Steps of Radical Cystectomy”, a concise guide to the approach to open RC. When available, an evidence-based analysis of each critical step was performed. We also included additional components of cystectomy optimization such as pre-habilitation in the preoperative phase, standard versus extended lymphadenectomy, the vaginal-sparing approach to female radical cystectomy, patient-reported outcomes following urinary diversion, the use of a mesh for stoma formation, and the use of the ERAS protocol for postoperative care. An evidence-based assessment of RC may help provide valuable information to optimize surgical techniques and patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bladder Cancer: Surgical Treatment and Prognosis)

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