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Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy
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Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 March 2024) | Viewed by 3183

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Enrica Mariano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: interventional cardiology; pulmonary and arterial hypertension; takotsubo syndrome; pericarditis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue focuses on the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy, a complex and potentially life-threatening heart disorder. Cardiomyopathy is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart muscle, leading to impaired heart function. This collection of articles presents cutting-edge research and provides clinical insights into the understanding, diagnosis, and management of various types of cardiomyopathy.

The articles in this special issue explore innovative diagnostic techniques, such as genetic testing, advanced imaging modalities, and biomarker analysis, which have revolutionized the early detection and risk stratification of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, novel therapeutic approaches are discussed, including targeted pharmacological therapies, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine, offering new hope for patients with cardiomyopathy.

The articles gathered in this special issue provide a comprehensive overview of the recent breakthroughs in the field of cardiomyopathy, promoting early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. We anticipate that these advancements will contribute significantly to improving patient outcomes and ultimately reducing the burden of this debilitating condition.

Dr. Enrica Giuliana Mariano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiomyopathy
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • advanced imaging
  • pharmacological therapy
  • personalized treatment

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1034 KiB  
Article
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index as Predictors of Mortality in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
by Federica Marchi, Nataliya Pylypiv, Alessandra Parlanti, Simona Storti, Melania Gaggini, Umberto Paradossi, Sergio Berti and Cristina Vassalle
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(5), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051256 - 22 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1114
Abstract
(1) Background: The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI; neutrophil count × monocyte/lymphocyte count), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII; platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count) are recently proposed biomarkers to assess the immune and inflammatory status. However, data on SIRI and SII are [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI; neutrophil count × monocyte/lymphocyte count), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII; platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count) are recently proposed biomarkers to assess the immune and inflammatory status. However, data on SIRI and SII are still relatively lacking and do not definitively and exhaustively define their role as predictors of an adverse prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate SII and SIRI determinants as well as to assess SIRI and SII prognostic power in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). (2) Methods: A total of 105 STEMI patients (74 males, 70 ± 11 years) were studied (median follow-up 54 ± 25 months, 24 deaths). (3) Results: The main determinants of SIRI and SII were creatinine and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (multivariate regression). Patients with higher SIRI (>75th percentile, 4.9) and SII (>75th percentile, 1257.5) had lower survival rates than those in the low SIRI/SII group (Kaplan–Meier analysis). Univariate Cox regression revealed that high SIRI and SII were associated with mortality (HR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–5.8, p < 0.05; 2.2, 1–4.9, p ≤ 0.05, respectively); however, these associations lost their significance after multivariate adjustment. (4) Conclusions: SIRI and SII association with mortality was significantly affected by confounding factors in our population, especially creatinine and BNP, which are associated with both the inflammatory indices and the outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy)
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Review

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14 pages, 1181 KiB  
Review
Arrhythmias in Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Management and Prognostic Implications
by Suganya Arunachalam Karikalan, Ali Yusuf and Hicham El Masry
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(11), 3165; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113165 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 559
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is characterized by various arrhythmic manifestations ranging from catastrophic sudden cardiac death secondary to ventricular arrhythmia, severe conduction disease, sinus node dysfunction, and atrial fibrillation. The management of CS is complex and includes not only addressing the arrhythmia but also [...] Read more.
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is characterized by various arrhythmic manifestations ranging from catastrophic sudden cardiac death secondary to ventricular arrhythmia, severe conduction disease, sinus node dysfunction, and atrial fibrillation. The management of CS is complex and includes not only addressing the arrhythmia but also controlling the myocardial inflammation resultant from the autoimmune reaction. Arrhythmic manifestations of CS carry significant prognostic implications and invariably affect long-term survival in these patients. In this review, we focus on management of arrhythmic manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis as well as risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy)
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Other

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16 pages, 1026 KiB  
Systematic Review
Prevalence of Abnormal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Findings in Athletes Recovered from COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Vasiliki Tsampasian, Emmanuel Androulakis, Ricardo Catumbela, Sabiha Gati, Michael Papadakis and Vassilios S. Vassiliou
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(11), 3290; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113290 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 501
Abstract
Background: Competitive sports and high-level athletic training result in a constellation of changes in the myocardium that comprise the ‘athlete’s heart’. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been concerns whether elite athletes would be at higher risk of myocardial involvement [...] Read more.
Background: Competitive sports and high-level athletic training result in a constellation of changes in the myocardium that comprise the ‘athlete’s heart’. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been concerns whether elite athletes would be at higher risk of myocardial involvement after infection with the virus. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prevalence of abnormal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) findings in elite athletes recovered from COVID-19 infection. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were systematically search from inception to 15 November 2023. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of abnormal cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings, including the pathological presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), abnormal T1 and T2 values and pericardial enhancement, in athletes who had recovered from COVID-19 infection. Results: Out of 3890 records, 18 studies with a total of 4446 athletes were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of pathological LGE in athletes recovered from COVID-19 was 2.0% (95% CI 0.9% to 4.4%, I2 90%). The prevalence of elevated T1 and T2 values was 1.2% (95% CI 0.4% to 3.6%, I2 87%) and 1.2% (95% CI 0.4% to 3.7%, I2 89%), respectively, and the pooled prevalence of pericardial involvement post COVID-19 infection was 1.1% (95% CI 0.5% to 2.5%, I2 85%). The prevalence of all abnormal CMR findings was much higher among those who had a clinical indication of CMR. Conclusions: Among athletes who have recently recovered from COVID-19 infection, there is a low prevalence of abnormal CMR findings. However, the prevalence is much higher among athletes with symptoms and/or abnormal initial cardiac screening. Further studies and longer follow up are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings and to ascertain if they are associated with adverse events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy)
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Graphical abstract

23 pages, 781 KiB  
Systematic Review
Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review
by Dimitrios Papagiannis, Christos Kourek, Alexandros Briasoulis, Evangelos C. Fradelos, Evangelia D. Papagianni, Ilias Papadimopoulos, Grigorios Giamouzis, John Skoularigis and Andrew Xanthopoulos
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(11), 3029; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113029 - 21 May 2024
Viewed by 687
Abstract
Background/Objectives: As heart failure (HF) patients face increased vulnerability to respiratory infections, optimizing pneumococcal and influenza vaccination coverage becomes pivotal for mitigating additional health risks and reducing hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality rates within this population. In this specific subpopulation of patients, vaccination coverage [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: As heart failure (HF) patients face increased vulnerability to respiratory infections, optimizing pneumococcal and influenza vaccination coverage becomes pivotal for mitigating additional health risks and reducing hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality rates within this population. In this specific subpopulation of patients, vaccination coverage for pneumococcal and influenza holds heightened significance compared to other vaccines due to their susceptibility to respiratory infections, which can exacerbate existing cardiovascular conditions and lead to severe complications or even death. However, despite the recognized benefits, vaccination coverage among HF patients remains below expectations. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the vaccination coverage for influenza and pneumococcus in HF patients from 2005 to 2023 and the vaccination’s effects on survival and hospitalizations. Methods: The authors developed the protocol of the review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the search was performed in databases including PubMed and Scopus. After the initial search, 851 studies were found in PubMed Library and 1961 in Scopus (total of 2812 studies). Results: After the initial evaluation, 23 publications were finally included in the analysis. The total study population consisted of 6,093,497 participants. Regarding the influenza vaccine, vaccination coverage ranged from low rates of 2.5% to very high rates of 97%, while the respective pneumococcal vaccination coverage ranged from 20% to 84.6%. Most studies demonstrated a beneficial effect of vaccination on survival and hospitalizations. Conclusions: The present systematic review study showed a wide variety of vaccination coverage among patients with heart failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathy)
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