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The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis—Part II
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The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis—Part II

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 10782

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, The John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Prądnicka St, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
Interests: cardiovascular disease; inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs in atherosclerosis and aortic valve stenosis; athero-sclerosis prevention and treatment; interventions on carotid and renal arteries; renovascular disease; monitoring of ath-erosclerosis progression; carotid intima-media; arterial stiffness; vascular age
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine titled ‘The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis—Part II’ is continuation of the previous series.

Prevention strategies in cardiovascular disease, particularly in atherosclerosis, are associated with over 50% cardiovascular risk reduction, compared to 5–20% risk reduction attained due to the surgical and endovascular interventions.

This overwhelming advantage of prevention in atherosclerosis should be supported by the continuous growth of the evidence for novel prevention models development. The impact of eating habits, nutraceutical products, smoking cessation, obesity, physical activity, pollution, and many other factors on cardiovascular risk has been documented.

We welcome research papers on novel prevention measures as well as diagnostic and therapeutic achievements in optimizing atherosclerosis management. Contemporary research on microparticles, non-coding RNAs, proteomic characterization, chemokines, and fibrin clotting that offer molecular characteristics of athero-thrombosis are encouraged for submission.

Managing cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia with protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, diabetes with new noninsulin glucose-lowering drugs, and many others show great potential for the efficient reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

In Part II of this Special Issue, we also encourage the submission of papers addressing the favorable and adverse outcomes of the interventional and pharmacological treatment strategies in patients with coronary, extracoronary and polyvascular steno-occlusive disease. Both safety and procedure optimization guarantee a favorable outcome. There is still room for growth in new stent and equipment technologies, new surgical and endovascular techniques, the supervision of endovascular procedures with IVUS, OCT, functional flow assessment, and cell therapy.

We also have great interest in research papers on accomplishing both treatment goals: obtaining the control of optimal cardiovascular risk factors and restoring arterial blood flow to the supplied organs (e.g., brain, kidney and heart), and their impact on the cardiovascular outcomes in the individual patient.

Thus, we welcome the submission of original research and review articles on the following topics:

  • Molecular triggers of atherosclerosis.
  • Achieving goals in cardiovascular risk factors prevention and treatment.
  • Cardiovascular risk stratification and algorithms.
  • New treatments of diabetes and hyperlipidemia for cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Imaging tools to control atherosclerosis reduction and progression.
  • Optimizing treatment for occlusive atherosclerotic lesions in coronary and extracoronary territories.
  • Synchronizing interventional and preventional strategies in athero-occlusive disease.

Prof. Dr. Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atherosclerosis
  • cardiovascular risk
  • diagnosis and prevention
  • cell biology
  • proteomic
  • pharmacological and non-pharmacological prevention
  • monitoring of goals
  • optimizing therapy
  • carotid intima-media
  • optical coherence tomography
  • IVUS
  • coronary
  • carotid and peripheral interventions
  • new medications for diabetes and hyperlipidemia management
  • achieving targets in cardiovascular prevention and revascularization

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 196 KiB  
Editorial
Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Era of Personalized Therapy in Atherosclerosis
by Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(11), 3077; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113077 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1241
Abstract
Data from the European Society of Cardiology report that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for app [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis—Part II)

Research

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10 pages, 1481 KiB  
Article
Short- and Mid-Term Outcomes of Stenting in Patients with Isolated Distal Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis or Post-Surgical Restenosis
by Dat Tin Nguyen, Ákos Bérczi, Balázs Bence Nyárády, Ádám Szőnyi, Márton Philippovich and Edit Dósa
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(19), 5640; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195640 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1641
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the outcome of stenting in patients with isolated distal internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis or post-surgical restenosis, as no data are currently available in the literature. Sixty-six patients (men, N = 53; median age: 66 [IQR, 61–73] years) [...] Read more.
The aim was to evaluate the outcome of stenting in patients with isolated distal internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis or post-surgical restenosis, as no data are currently available in the literature. Sixty-six patients (men, N = 53; median age: 66 [IQR, 61–73] years) with ≥50% distal ICA (re)stenosis were included in this single-center retrospective study. The narrowest part of the (re)stenosis was at least 20 mm from the bifurcation in all patients. Patients were divided into two etiological groups, atherosclerotic (AS, N = 40) and post-surgical restenotic (RES, N = 26). Postprocedural neurological events were observed in two patients (5%) in the AS group and in two patients (7.7%) in the RES group. The median follow-up time was 40 (IQR, 18–86) months. Three patients (7.5%) in the AS group had an in-stent restenosis (ISR) ≥ 50%, but none in the RES group. Three patients (7.5%) in the AS group and seven patients (26.9%) in the RES group died. None of the deaths in the RES group were directly related to stenting itself. The early neurological complication rate of stenting due to distal ICA (re)stenoses is acceptable. However, the mid-term mortality rate of stenting for distal ICA post-surgical restenoses is high, indicating the vulnerability of this subgroup. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis—Part II)
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12 pages, 1743 KiB  
Article
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Shows Improved Outcomes in Patients with an ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and a High Thrombus Burden Treated with Adjuvant Aspiration Thrombectomy
by Wojciech Zajdel, Tomasz Miszalski-Jamka, Jarosław Zalewski, Jacek Legutko, Krzysztof Żmudka and Elżbieta Paszek
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(17), 5000; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175000 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1763
Abstract
There is a discrepancy between epicardial vessel patency and microcirculation perfusion in a third of patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Optimization with aspiration thrombectomy (AT) may reduce distal embolization and microvascular obstruction. The effect of [...] Read more.
There is a discrepancy between epicardial vessel patency and microcirculation perfusion in a third of patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Optimization with aspiration thrombectomy (AT) may reduce distal embolization and microvascular obstruction. The effect of AT in the treatment of STEMI is debatable. The purpose of this study was to use cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to determine whether AT influences microvascular obstruction (MVO), infarct size and left ventricular (LV) remodelling in STEMI patients. Sixty STEMI patients with a thrombus-occluded coronary artery were randomized in a 2:1 fashion to receive PCI proceeded by AT (AT + PCI group), or PCI only. MVO, myocardial infarct size and LV remodelling were assessed by CMR during the index hospitalization and 6 months thereafter. The majority of patients had a large thrombus burden (TIMI thrombus grade 5 in over 70% of patients). PCI and AT were effective in all cases. There were no periprocedural strokes. CMR showed that the addition of AT to standard PCI was associated with lesser MVO when indexed to the infarct size and larger infarct size reduction. There were less patients with left ventricle remodelling in the AT + PCI vs. the PCI only group. To conclude, in STEMI patients with a high thrombus burden, AT added to PCI is effective in reducing infarct size, MVO and LV remodelling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis—Part II)
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17 pages, 4553 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Selected Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) Value in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Co-Existing with Early Microvascular Complications
by Joanna Peczyńska, Bożenna Klonowska, Beata Żelazowska-Rutkowska, Agnieszka Polkowska, Klaudyna Noiszewska, Artur Bossowski and Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4732; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164732 - 13 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1786
Abstract
Recent years have confirmed the importance of oxidative stress and biomarkers of inflammation in estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and explaining not fully understood pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. We aimed to analyze the relation between the intima-media thickness (IMT) of common [...] Read more.
Recent years have confirmed the importance of oxidative stress and biomarkers of inflammation in estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and explaining not fully understood pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. We aimed to analyze the relation between the intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries and the occurrence of classical cardiovascular risk factors, together with the newly proposed biomarkers of CVD risk (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), adiponectin, N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and vitamin D) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) recognized in screening tests to present early stages of microvascular complications (VC). The study group consisted of 50 adolescents and young adults with T1D, mean age 17.1 years (10–26 age range), including 20 patients with VC (+) and 30 VC (−). The control group (Control) consisted of 22 healthy volunteers, mean age 16.5 years (11–26 age range). In the VC (+) patients, we found a significantly higher concentration of HbA1c, lipid levels, hsCRP and NT-proBNP. BMI and blood pressure values were highest in the VC (+) group. Higher levels of MPO and lower levels of vitamin D were found in both diabetic groups vs. Control. IMT in VC (+) patients was significantly higher and correlated positively with HbA1c, hsCRP, NT-pro-BNP and negatively with vitamin D levels. In conclusion, youth with T1D and VC (+) present many abnormalities in the classical and new CVD biomarkers. hsCRP and MPO seem to be the most important markers for estimating the risk of macroangiopathy. NT-proBNP may present a possible marker of early myocardial injury in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis—Part II)
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Review

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25 pages, 1081 KiB  
Review
Clinical Application of Serum microRNAs in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease
by Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka, Rafał Badacz and Tadeusz Przewłocki
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(22), 6849; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226849 - 20 Nov 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2828
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are promising diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomolecules for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease concerns a large population of patients, carrying the highest incidence of fatal and non-fatal adverse events, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and limb ischemia, worldwide. Consistently, [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRs) are promising diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomolecules for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease concerns a large population of patients, carrying the highest incidence of fatal and non-fatal adverse events, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and limb ischemia, worldwide. Consistently, miRs are involved in regulation and pathogenesis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndromes (ACS), both with ST-segment (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarctions (NSTEMI), as well as cardiac remodeling and fibrosis following ACS. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying adverse outcomes in CAD are multifactorial, and sometimes difficult to interpret for clinicians. Therefore, in the present review paper we have focused on the clinical meaning and the interpretation of various miRs findings, and their potential application in routine clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis—Part II)
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