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Skin Pigmentation Disorders: Clinical Management and Treatment
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Skin Pigmentation Disorders: Clinical Management and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 15862

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Neelam A. Vashi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany St, J108, Boston, MA 02118, USA
Interests: cosmetics; skin of color; quality of life; laser technology; hyperpigmentation; sun protection; health literacy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pigmentary disorders are a leading motive for patients to visit a dermatology office. With a wide variety of diagnoses and an increasing number of multicultural patients, dermatologists face treatment challenges on a daily basis. Knowledge of the treatment dilemmas and management options is thus of paramount importance. This Special Issue aims to address a variety of issues, including the diagnosis and management of disorders of pigmentation. We invite contributions related to the clinical management and treatment for disorders of pigmentation to help us to provide patient-centered care and evidence-based recommendations.

Dr. Neelam A. Vashi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1587 KiB  
Article
Serum Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Vitiligo
by Asma Kassab, Yassine Khalij, Yosra Ayed, Najla Dar-Odeh, Amal A. Kokandi, Meriam Denguezli and Monia Youssef
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 5861; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185861 - 9 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1655
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is a common chronic hypomelanotic skin disorder. An intricate pool of markers associated with a complex combination of biological and environmental factors is thought to be implicated in etiology. This study aims to investigate the most important markers associated with vitiligo [...] Read more.
Background: Vitiligo is a common chronic hypomelanotic skin disorder. An intricate pool of markers associated with a complex combination of biological and environmental factors is thought to be implicated in etiology. This study aims to investigate the most important markers associated with vitiligo pathogenesis, including redox status, inflammation, and immune profile, in patients with vitiligo. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 96 subjects: 30 patients with active non-segmental vitiligo, 30 patients with stable non-segmental vitiligo, and 36 controls. The vitiligo area severity index (VASI) and vitiligo disease activity score (VIDA) were determined. The following serum parameters were assessed: antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10). Results: The VASI score was not significantly different between active and stable vitiligo patients, as it was approximately 0.1. TAS, CAT, GPx, and GST were significantly lower in vitiligo patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). They were also significantly lower in active vitiligo when compared to stable vitiligo (p < 0.05). However, SOD levels were significantly higher in vitiligo patients than in controls and in the active vitiligo group than in the stable vitiligo group (p < 0.05). MDA and AOPP levels were significantly higher in patients with active and stable vitiligo compared to controls (p < 0.05). However, they did not significantly differ between active and stable vitiligo patients (p < 0.05). In both active and stable vitiligo, CRP and IL-15 were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05). Whereas CRP was significantly higher in active (range = 2.0–7.2, mean = 4.46 ± 1.09) than in stable vitiligo (range = 1.6–6.7, mean = 3.75 ± 1.08) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-15 levels between active and stable vitiligo. In both active and stable vitiligo, CXCL9 and CXCL10 were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05), and they were significantly higher in active than stable vitiligo (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In vitiligo, oxidative damage induces an increase in pro-inflammatory IL-15, which in turn promotes IFN-γ-inducible chemokines such as CXCL9 and CXCL10. Further, there seems to be a link between the VASI score and IL-15 levels. These data imply that inhibiting IL-15 could be a promising method for developing a potentially targeted treatment that suppresses the early interplay between oxidant stress and IL-15 keratinocyte production, as well as between resident and recirculating memory T cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Pigmentation Disorders: Clinical Management and Treatment)
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Review

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21 pages, 853 KiB  
Review
Post-Inflammatory Hypopigmentation: Review of the Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Options
by Medha Rao, Katherine Young, Ladonya Jackson-Cowan, Arianne Kourosh and Nicholas Theodosakis
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031243 - 3 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 8068
Abstract
Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation is a common acquired pigmentary disorder that is more prominent in skin of color, leading to great cosmetic and psychosocial implications. Often, a diagnosis with a pigmentary disorder can negatively impact an individual’s health-related quality of life and may result in [...] Read more.
Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation is a common acquired pigmentary disorder that is more prominent in skin of color, leading to great cosmetic and psychosocial implications. Often, a diagnosis with a pigmentary disorder can negatively impact an individual’s health-related quality of life and may result in stigma. Although most cases of post-inflammatory hypopigmentation resolve spontaneously over time, a systematic diagnostic approach can help with identifying the underlying etiology and informing treatment strategies. It can be due to cutaneous inflammation, sequelae of inflammatory or infectious dermatoses, or dermatologic procedures. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the epidemiology, patient history, physical exam findings, and clinical features of post-inflammatory hypopigmentation phenomenon can explain the primary cause to providers and allow for patient education. It is also important to understand the various therapeutic approaches available and the efficacy of these options, which will inform providers to choose the appropriate therapy for patients. Although algorithms exist for classifying acquired disorders of hypopigmentation, there are no established algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, which warrants further exploration and discourse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Pigmentation Disorders: Clinical Management and Treatment)
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Other

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6 pages, 483 KiB  
Brief Report
Exogenous Ochronosis: Characterizing a Rare Disorder in Skin of Color
by Michelle Lazar, Henriette De La Garza and Neelam A. Vashi
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4341; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134341 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5281
Abstract
Exogenous ochronosis is a rare dyschromia that primarily impacts those with skin of color. It is characterized by blue–black pigmentation and is associated with the long-term application of skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone. Commonly confused with other dyschromias, the use of skin lightening topicals [...] Read more.
Exogenous ochronosis is a rare dyschromia that primarily impacts those with skin of color. It is characterized by blue–black pigmentation and is associated with the long-term application of skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone. Commonly confused with other dyschromias, the use of skin lightening topicals can cause paradoxical skin darkening in patients with known exogenous ochronosis. This is highly distressing to patients, often worsening the underlying dyschromia and making treatment more difficult. A 10-year retrospective analysis was conducted that revealed 25 patients with exogenous ochronosis. The average patient used a skin lightening cream for 9.2 years, with exogenous ochronosis most commonly arising on the cheeks (68%), forehead (24%), and temples (20%). Furthermore, this study identified that patients with exogenous ochronosis may respond well to treatment with Q-switched Alexandrite laser and microneedling. The incidence of exogenous ochronosis is likely to increase as demographics shift and access to a wide range of over-the-counter topicals becomes more available, both in the United States and worldwide. Therefore, it is imperative to better characterize exogenous ochronosis to identify best treatment practices for all patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Pigmentation Disorders: Clinical Management and Treatment)
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