Innovations in Direct and Indirect Dental Composite Restorations

A special issue of Journal of Composites Science (ISSN 2504-477X). This special issue belongs to the section "Composites Manufacturing and Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 3804

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: restorative dentistry; endodontics; oral microbiology; implantology; dental imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our great pleasure to present this Special Issue, which aims to extend and share knowledge on the possibilities offered by new composite and metal-free materials in adhesive restorative dentistry. The use of minimally invasive treatments is increasing in each field of medicine, particularly in dentistry, attracting the ever-growing interest of clinicians and researchers from all around the world. The main objective of future research is to obtain long-term success, while simultaneously preventing the loss of dental tissue as much as possible. The possibility of invasiveness reduction in dental rehabilitation is mainly caused by innovations in technologies, techniques, and materials. The latter guarantees great results both in terms of aesthetic and mechanical aspects, making them efficient both for posterior and anterior rehabilitation. Moreover, the great effectiveness offered by innovative adhesive protocols and molecules represents the future of dental restorations. Despite this, scientific research in this field is still limited, and the full potential of innovations in dentistry remains unexplored. In this context, we look forward to receiving submissions of interesting in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies on the mechanical, aesthetic, and functional properties of new composite and metal-free materials, considering the whole procedural process behind adhesive rehabilitation, from the residual structure analysis to cavity preparation design, build-ups, and post-insertion.

Furthermore, we hope that clinicians who have been working with these new technologies for many years will be inclined to share their fascinating findings.

Prof. Dr. Luca Testarelli
Dr. Alessio Zanza
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • restorative dentistry
  • aesthetic dentistry
  • adhesion
  • veneers
  • inlay
  • onlay
  • overlay

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1663 KiB  
Article
Selected Mechanical Properties of Dental Hybrid Composite with Fluorine, Hydroxyapatite and Silver Fillers
by Zofia Kula, Leszek Klimek, Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Cristina Bettencourt Neves and João Carlos Roque
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(6), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8060232 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 802
Abstract
In recent years, hydroxyapatite, as a ceramic material, has been a subject of growing interest due to its optimal biological properties, which are useful especially in medical and dental applications. It has been increasingly used in dentistry as a filler in composites. Nevertheless, [...] Read more.
In recent years, hydroxyapatite, as a ceramic material, has been a subject of growing interest due to its optimal biological properties, which are useful especially in medical and dental applications. It has been increasingly used in dentistry as a filler in composites. Nevertheless, research has shown a deterioration of their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the content of hydroxyapatite together with fluorine and silver on the mechanical properties of a hybrid composite used in conservative dentistry. The authors compared specimens of commercial hybrid composite with specimens of experimental hybrid composite containing 2 wt% and 5 wt% of hydroxyapatite powder with fluorine and silver. The composite specimens were subjected to hardness and impact strength measurements, as well as bending, compression, and tribological wear tests. The research results indicate that the mechanical properties of composites are influenced by the type and amount of filler used. Composite containing 2 wt% of hydroxyapatite powder along with calcium fluoride and silver provided acceptable results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Direct and Indirect Dental Composite Restorations)
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12 pages, 671 KiB  
Article
Alterations in Surface Gloss and Hardness of Direct Dental Resin Composites and Indirect CAD/CAM Composite Block after Single Application of Bifluorid 10 Varnish: An In Vitro Study
by Tamer M. Hamdy, Ali Abdelnabi, Maha S. Othman and Rania E. Bayoumi
J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8020058 - 3 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1362
Abstract
The surface characteristics of the restorative material are essential to its longevity. Since resin composites are polymeric-based materials, they could be degraded when exposed to oral conditions and chemical treatment. Certain chemical solutions, such as fluoride varnish, have the potential to deteriorate the [...] Read more.
The surface characteristics of the restorative material are essential to its longevity. Since resin composites are polymeric-based materials, they could be degraded when exposed to oral conditions and chemical treatment. Certain chemical solutions, such as fluoride varnish, have the potential to deteriorate the resin composite’s surface properties such as gloss and hardness. The current study aimed to assess and compare the surface gloss and hardness of different types of dental resin composites (nanohybrid, ormocer, bulk-fill flowable direct composites, and indirect CAD/CAM resin composite blocks (BreCAM.HIPC)) after a single application of Bifluorid 10 varnish. A total of 80 disc-shaped resin composite specimens were evenly distributed in four groups of 20 specimens. These were divided into two equal subgroups of specimens with topical fluoride (TF) application (n = 10) and without TF application (n = 10). The specimens were examined for surface gloss and hardness. Independent sample t-test was used to investigate statistically the effect of TF on the gloss as well as the hardness of each material. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used to assess the difference in gloss and hardness among the materials without and with TF application. The significance level was adjusted to p ≤ 0.05. The results of gloss showed that the TF application led to a significant reduction in gloss values of all tested composites. The gloss among the various materials was significantly different. The TF had no significant effect on the hardness of nanohybrid, bulk-fill flowable, and BreCAM.HIPC composites (p = 0.8, 0.6, and 0.3, respectively). On the other hand, the hardness of ormocer was significantly reduced after TF application. Comparing the different resin composite materials, the hardness significantly differed. This study concluded that surface gloss and hardness seem to be impacted by the type and composition of the resin composites and vary depending on fluoride application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Direct and Indirect Dental Composite Restorations)
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11 pages, 779 KiB  
Article
Flexural Behavior of Biocompatible High-Performance Polymer Composites for CAD/CAM Dentistry
by Hanin E. Yeslam
J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7(7), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7070270 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1172
Abstract
High-performance polymeric materials have been used in computer-assisted design/ computer-assisted milling (CAD/CAM) dental restorative treatments due to their favorable esthetics as well as their mechanical and biological properties. Biocompatible poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and glass-fiber-reinforced composite techno-polymer (FRC) resins reportedly possess good flexural and shock [...] Read more.
High-performance polymeric materials have been used in computer-assisted design/ computer-assisted milling (CAD/CAM) dental restorative treatments due to their favorable esthetics as well as their mechanical and biological properties. Biocompatible poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and glass-fiber-reinforced composite techno-polymer (FRC) resins reportedly possess good flexural and shock absorption properties. However, intraoral thermal fluctuations may adversely affect them. This study aimed to investigate the flexural strength and effect of thermal aging on two commercially available high-performance polymers intended for CAD/CAM milled frameworks for definitive restorations. A total of 20 bar specimens were prepared using two CAD/CAM materials (n = 10); PEEK(P) and Bioloren FRC(F). Specimens from each material group were randomly divided into two sub-groups (n = 5): before aging (uP and uF) and after aging, with 10,000 thermocycles (5–55 °C) (aP and aF). All specimens were subjected to a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine. Flexural strength (Fs) values were calculated for all specimens, and their means were statistically analyzed using a t-test, and a general linear model (GLM) repeated measure ANOVA (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in the Fs of (F) materials after aging (p = 0.03). (F) specimens exhibited significantly higher Fs than (P) before and after aging (p < 0.001). This type of material had a significant effect on Fs (p < 0.001). Within the limitations of this study, both materials exceeded the ISO recommendations of dental resins for flexural strength. However, FRC materials may benefit CAD/CAM milled long-span fixed partial dentures and implant-supported denture frameworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Direct and Indirect Dental Composite Restorations)
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