Posture, Balance, and Gait: Assessment Techniques and Rehabilitation Strategies

A special issue of Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (ISSN 2411-5142). This special issue belongs to the section "Kinesiology and Biomechanics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 1336

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Agiou Spidonos 28, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
Interests: physiotherapy; human balance; gait analysis; neurological rehabilitation; ergonomics; fall prevention; motor control; geriatrics; sensorimotor integration; clinical education in physiotherapy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physiotherapy Department, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
Interests: physiotherapy; rehabilitation; gait analysis; biomechanics; musculoskeletal disorders; kinesiology; human movement science; exercise science; motion analysis; injury biomechanics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Posture, balance, and gait are fundamental aspects of human movement and play a vital role in maintaining individuals’ mobility, independence, and quality of life. Disorders affecting these functions can significantly impact older adults, those with neurological conditions, or individuals recovering from injuries. Advances in assessment techniques and rehabilitation strategies offer new opportunities regarding the management and improvement of these critical functions.

This Special Issue, entitled Posture, Balance, and Gait: Assessment Techniques and Rehabilitation Strategies, seeks to compile high-quality research, reviews, and case studies that explore innovative approaches and interdisciplinary perspectives in this field. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Novel tools and technologies for assessing posture, balance, and gait;
  • Mechanisms underlying postural control and balance;
  • Rehabilitation strategies for neurological and musculoskeletal conditions;
  • Fall prevention strategies and ergonomic designs for postural health;
  • Technological advancements, including wearable devices and virtual reality, in balance and gait rehabilitation.

This Special Issue aims to provide a platform for advancing clinical practices, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and fostering innovation in this vital area of healthcare. We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Vasiliki Sakellari
Prof. Dr. George Gioftsos
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • physiotherapy
  • human balance
  • gait analysis
  • neurological rehabilitation
  • ergonomics
  • fall prevention
  • sensorimotor integration
  • motor control
  • geriatrics
  • clinical education

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2534 KiB  
Article
Effects of Functional Partial Body Weight Support Treadmill Training on Mobility in Children with Ataxia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Alexandra Lepoura, Sofia Lampropoulou, Antonis Galanos, Marianna Papadopoulou, Georgios Gkrimas, Magda Tziomaki and Vasiliki Sakellari
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(2), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020123 - 6 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Ataxia is quite common in pediatric neuromotor disorders and has a highly heterogeneous etiology. Mobility difficulties and functional limitations reflect the lack of coordination in this population. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of an intensive program of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Ataxia is quite common in pediatric neuromotor disorders and has a highly heterogeneous etiology. Mobility difficulties and functional limitations reflect the lack of coordination in this population. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of an intensive program of Functional Partial Body Weight Support Treadmill Training (FPBWSTT) on the mobility and functionality of children with ataxia. Methods: Through a stratified randomized control trial, a sample of 18 children with progressive and non-progressive ataxia and GMFCS II-IV (mean age: 14 years; standard deviation: 2.5) was assessed prior to the intervention, post-intervention, and 2 months after its end. Motor and functional skills were assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM, items D-E), the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), a 10 m walk test (10 MWT), a 6 min walk test (6 MWT), the Scale for Assessment and Rating Ataxia (SARA), the TimedUp and Go (TUG) test, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and kinetic and kinematic variables of the pelvis and lower limb. Results: Statistically significant interactions and changes in favor of the FPBWSTT were found in all functional assessments and spatiotemporal gait parameters (p < 0.05), the majority of which were maintained for two months. There was no statistical interaction or change in kinematic parameters (p > 0.05), while kinetic variables were insufficiently collected and were not statistically analyzed. Conclusions: The FPBWSTT is more effective on the mobility and functionality of children with ataxia who are 8–18 years old, compared to typical physiotherapy. Kinematic variables may not be sensitive indicators of change over a short period of time and/or in this population. Full article
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21 pages, 7009 KiB  
Article
Effects of Tactile Sensory Stimulation Training of the Trunk and Sole on Standing Balance Ability in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Toshiaki Tanaka, Yusuke Maeda and Takahiro Miura
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10010096 - 17 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background: Aging is associated with a decline in both motor and sensory functions that destabilizes posture, increasing the risk of falls. Dynamic standing balance is strongly linked to fall risk in older adults. Sensory information from the soles and trunk is essential for [...] Read more.
Background: Aging is associated with a decline in both motor and sensory functions that destabilizes posture, increasing the risk of falls. Dynamic standing balance is strongly linked to fall risk in older adults. Sensory information from the soles and trunk is essential for balance control. Few studies have demonstrated the efficacy of targeted sensory training on balance improvement. Objectives: To assess vibratory sensation function in the trunk and sole using a vibration device and evaluate the effects of trunk and sole tactile sensation training on dynamic standing balance performance in older adults. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, eighteen older adults were randomly assigned to three groups: control (n = 8, mean age 66.6 ± 3.4), trunk training (n = 5, mean age 71.0 ± 1.9), and sole training (n = 5, mean age 66.4 ± 3.6). The training lasted for 10 weeks, utilizing vibratory stimulation at 128 Hz through tuning forks for 15 min during each session, conducted three times a week. The primary outcomes were vibratory sensitivity, assessed with a belt-fitted device on the trunk and a plate equipped with vibrators on the soles, and dynamic balance, evaluated through force plate testing that measured limits of stability (LoS) in multiple directions. Results: Correct response rates for trunk vibratory stimulation significantly improved in the trunk training group (p < 0.05). The rate of two-stimuli discrimination improved in both training groups. Significant advancements in balance metrics were observed in the trunk and sole training groups when compared to the control group, especially regarding anterior–posterior tilts (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was identified between two-point vibratory discrimination and LoS test performance. Conclusions: Sensory training of the trunk and sole enhances balance performance in older adults, suggesting potential benefits for fall prevention. Future studies should assess long-term effects and explore optimal training duration with larger sample sizes. Full article
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