Journal of Fungi

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39 pages, 11484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Holarctic Species in the Pluteus romellii Clade. Five New Species Described and Old Names Reassessed

by Hana Ševčíková, Ekaterina Malysheva, Giuliano Ferisin, Francesco Dovana, Egon Horak, Jacob Kalichman, Oğuzhan Kaygusuz, Renée Lebeuf, Guillermo Muñoz González, Andrew M. Minnis, Stephen D. Russell, Michal Sochor, Bálint Dima, Vladimír Antonín and Alfredo Justo

J. Fungi 2022, 8(8), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080773 - 25 Jul 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4302

Abstract

We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus romellii, and morphologically similar Holarctic species in the/romellii clade of section Celluloderma, using morphological and molecular data (nrITS, TEF1-α). Pluteus romellii is lectotypified and epitypified and accepted as an exclusively Eurasian species. Pluteus lutescens [...] Read more.

We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus romellii, and morphologically similar Holarctic species in the/romellii clade of section Celluloderma, using morphological and molecular data (nrITS, TEF1-α). Pluteus romellii is lectotypified and epitypified and accepted as an exclusively Eurasian species. Pluteus lutescens and P. pallescens are considered synonyms of P. romellii. Pluteus fulvibadius is accepted as a related, but separate, North American species. Five species in the/romellii clade are described as new to science: two from North America (P. austrofulvus and P. parvisporus), one from Asia (P. parvicarpus), one from Europe (P. siccus), and one widely distributed across the Holarctic region (P. vellingae). Basidioma size, pileus color, lamellae color, basidiospore size, hymenial cystidia shape and size, habitat and geographical distribution help separate the species described here, but in some instances only molecular data allows for confident identification. The current status of P. californicus, P. melleipes, P. romellii var. luteoalbus, P. splendidus, P. sternbergii and P. sulphureus is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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26 pages, 6142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pluteus insidiosus Complex, Four New Species Described and Pluteus reisneri Resurrected

by Hana Ševčíková, Giuliano Ferisin, Ekaterina Malysheva, Alfredo Justo, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Egon Horak, Lyudmila Kalinina, Oğuzhan Kaygusuz, Henning Knudsen, Nelson Menolli, Jr., Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Guillermo Muñoz González, Irja Saar, İbrahim Türkekul and Francesco Dovana

J. Fungi 2022, 8(6), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060623 - 10 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4004

Abstract

We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus insidiosus and similar species using morphological and molecular (nrITS, TEF1-α) data, including a detailed study of the type collection of P. insidiosus. Based on our results, we recognize five species in this group: P. insidiosus [...] Read more.

We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus insidiosus and similar species using morphological and molecular (nrITS, TEF1-α) data, including a detailed study of the type collection of P. insidiosus. Based on our results, we recognize five species in this group: P. insidiosus sensu stricto and four other taxa: P. assimilatus; P. farensis; P. flavostipitatus; and P. pseudoinsidiosus; described here as new. All these taxa are distinct from each other based on molecular data, but some of them are semi-cryptic based on morphology and co-occur in the Palaearctic region. An additional molecular lineage, phylogenetically separates from the P. insidiosus complex, but with many morphological similarities, was recognized in the molecular phylogenies. Based on the revision of available type collections, the name Pluteus reisneri Velen., was adopted for this Clade. Pluteus reisneri was validly published in 1921, but it has barely been used since its original description. A modern epitype, with molecular data, was selected for P. reisneri. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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28 pages, 7556 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Characterizations Reveal Four New Species, Two New Asexual Morph Reports, and Six New Country Records of Bambusicolous Roussoella from China

by Dong-Qin Dai, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Monika C. Dayarathne, Jaturong Kumla, Li-Su Han, Gui-Qing Zhang, Xian Zhang, Ting-Ting Zhang and Huan-Huan Chen

J. Fungi 2022, 8(5), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050532 - 20 May 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2591

Abstract

During the ongoing investigation of bambusicolous ascomycetous fungi in Yunnan, China, 24 specimens belonging to the family Roussoellaceae were collected and identified based on morphological features and phylogenetic support. Maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses and Bayesian analyses were generated based on the combined data set [...] Read more.

During the ongoing investigation of bambusicolous ascomycetous fungi in Yunnan, China, 24 specimens belonging to the family Roussoellaceae were collected and identified based on morphological features and phylogenetic support. Maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses and Bayesian analyses were generated based on the combined data set of ITS, LSU, tef1, and rpb2 loci. The phylogenetic analyses revealed four novel lineages in Roussoella s. str.; thus, we introduced four new species viz., Roussoella multiloculate sp. nov., R. papillate sp. nov., R. sinensis sp. nov., and R. uniloculata sp. nov. Their morphological characters were compared with the known Roussoella taxa, which lack sequence data in the GenBank. Asexual morphs of R. kunmingensis and R. padinae were recorded from dead bamboo culms in China (from the natural substrates) for the first time. Neoroussoella bambusae, Roussoella japanensis, R. nitidula, R. padinae, R. scabrispora, and R. tuberculate were also reported as the first records from China. All new taxa are described and illustrated in detail. Plates are provided for new reports. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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17 pages, 4511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morpho-Molecular Evidence Reveals Four Novel Species of Gymnopus (Agaricales, Omphalotaceae) from China

by Ji-Peng Li, Mei-Chen Pan, Yi Li, Chun-Ying Deng, Xiao-Min Wang, Bang-Xi Zhang, Chang-Tian Li and Yu Li

J. Fungi 2022, 8(4), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040398 - 13 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2724

Abstract

Nine collections of gymnopoid fungi were studied based on morpho-molecular characteristics. The macromorphology was made according to the photograph of fresh basidiomata and field notes, while the micromorphology was examined via an optical microscope. Simultaneously, the phylogenetic analyses were performed by maximum likelihood [...] Read more.

Nine collections of gymnopoid fungi were studied based on morpho-molecular characteristics. The macromorphology was made according to the photograph of fresh basidiomata and field notes, while the micromorphology was examined via an optical microscope. Simultaneously, the phylogenetic analyses were performed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods based on a combined dataset of nrITS1-nr5.8S-nrITS2-nrLSU sequences. Integrated analysis of these results was therefore, G. efibulatus belonging to sect. Androsacei, G. iodes and G. sinopolyphyllus belonging to sect. Impudicae and G. strigosipes belonging to sect. Levipedes are proposed as new to science. The detailed descriptions, colour photos of basidiomata and line-drawings of microscopic structures are provided. The comparisons with closely related species and a key to known species of Gymnopus s. str. reported with morpho-molecular evidence in China is also given. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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21 pages, 8456 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Relationships between Four New Species of Boletoid Fungi from Northern China and Their Related Species

by Yang Wang, Yong-Lan Tuo, Dong-Mei Wu, Neng Gao, Zhen-Hao Zhang, Gu Rao, Xiao-Min Wang, Jing Wang, Dan Dai, Yu Li and Bo Zhang

J. Fungi 2022, 8(3), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030218 - 22 Feb 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3367

Abstract

The family Boletaceae primarily represents ectomycorrhizal fungi, which play an essential ecological role in forest ecosystems. Although the Boletaceae family has been subject to a relatively global and comprehensive history of work, novel species and genera are continually described. During this investigation in [...] Read more.

The family Boletaceae primarily represents ectomycorrhizal fungi, which play an essential ecological role in forest ecosystems. Although the Boletaceae family has been subject to a relatively global and comprehensive history of work, novel species and genera are continually described. During this investigation in northern China, many specimens of boletoid fungi were collected. Based on the study of their morphology and phylogeny, four new species, Butyriboletus pseudoroseoflavus, Butyriboletus subregius, Tengioboletus subglutinosus, and Suillellus lacrymibasidiatus, are introduced. Morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of the single or combined dataset (ITS or 28S, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1) confirmed these to be four new species. The evidence and analyses indicated the new species’ relationships with other species within their genera. Detailed descriptions, color photographs, and line drawings are provided. The species of Butyriboletus in China were compared in detail and the worldwide keys of Tengioboletus and Suillellus were given. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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18 pages, 5136 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Study on Xylodon (Hymenochaetales): Focusing on Three New Xylodon Species from Southern China

by Meng-Han Qu, Dong-Qiong Wang and Chang-Lin Zhao

J. Fungi 2022, 8(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8010035 - 30 Dec 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2053

Abstract

Three wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xylodon laceratus, X. montanus, and X. tropicus spp. nov., were collected from southern China, here proposed as new taxa based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodon laceratus is characterized by the resupinate [...] Read more.

Three wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xylodon laceratus, X. montanus, and X. tropicus spp. nov., were collected from southern China, here proposed as new taxa based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Xylodon laceratus is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with grandinioid hymenophore having cracked hymenial surface, and ellipsoid basidiospores; X. montanus is characterized by the annual basidiomata having the hard, brittle hymenophore with cream hymenial surface, and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (3.9–5.3 × 3.2–4.3 µm); and X. tropicus is characterized by its grandinioid hymenophore with buff to a pale brown hymenial surface and subglobose basidiospores measuring 2–4.8 × 1.6–4 µm. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The ITS+nLSU analysis of the order Hymenochaetales indicated that the three new species clustered into the family Schizoporaceae, located in genus Xylodon; based on further analysis of ITS dataset, X. laceratus was a sister to X. heterocystidiatus; X. montanus closely grouped with X. subclavatus and X. xinpingensis with high support; while X.tropicus was retrieved as a sister to X. hastifer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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108 pages, 30970 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phylogenetic Reassessment, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of Codinaea and Similar Fungi

by Martina Réblová, Miroslav Kolařík, Jana Nekvindová, Kamila Réblová, František Sklenář, Andrew N. Miller and Margarita Hernández-Restrepo

J. Fungi 2021, 7(12), 1097; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7121097 - 20 Dec 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6006

Abstract

The genus Codinaea is a phialidic, dematiaceous hyphomycete known for its intriguing morphology and turbulent taxonomic history. This polyphasic study represents a new, comprehensive view on the taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography of Codinaea and its relatives. Phylogenetic analyses of three nuclear loci confirmed [...] Read more.

The genus Codinaea is a phialidic, dematiaceous hyphomycete known for its intriguing morphology and turbulent taxonomic history. This polyphasic study represents a new, comprehensive view on the taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography of Codinaea and its relatives. Phylogenetic analyses of three nuclear loci confirmed that Codinaea is polyphyletic. The generic concept was emended; it includes four morphotypes that contribute to its morphological complexity. Ancestral inference showed that the evolution of some traits is correlated and that these traits previously used to delimit taxa at the generic level occur in species that were shown to be congeneric. Five lineages of Codinaea-like fungi were recognized and introduced as new genera: Codinaeella, Nimesporella, Stilbochaeta, Tainosphaeriella, and Xyladelphia. Dual DNA barcoding facilitated identification at the species level. Codinaea and its segregates thrive on decaying plants, rarely occurring as endophytes or plant pathogens. Environmental ITS sequences indicate that they are common in bulk soil. The geographic distribution found using GlobalFungi database was consistent with known data. Most species are distributed in either the Holarctic realm or tropical geographic regions. The ancestral climatic zone was temperate, followed by transitions to the tropics; these fungi evolved primarily in Eurasia and Americas, with subsequent transitions to Africa and Australasia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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14 pages, 5128 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morphological and Phylogenetic Evidence for Recognition of Two New Species of Phanerochaete from East Asia

by Dong-Qiong Wang and Chang-Lin Zhao

J. Fungi 2021, 7(12), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7121063 - 11 Dec 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2727

Abstract

Two new corticioid fungal species, Phanerochaete pruinosa and P. rhizomorpha spp. nov. are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Phanerochaete pruinosa is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with the pruinose hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate [...] Read more.

Two new corticioid fungal species, Phanerochaete pruinosa and P. rhizomorpha spp. nov. are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Phanerochaete pruinosa is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with the pruinose hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate generative hyphae and subcylindrical basidiospores measuring as 3.5–6.7 × 1.5–2.7 µm. Phanerochaete rhizomorpha is characterized by having a smooth hymenophore covered by orange hymenial surface, the presence of rhizomorphs, subulate cystidia, and narrower ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS+nLSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied specimens were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. These phylogenetic analyses showed that two new species clustered into genus Phanerochaete, in which P. pruinosa was sister to P. yunnanensis with high supports (100% BS, 100% BT, 1.00 BPP); morphologically differing by a pale orange to greyish orange and densely cracked hymenial surface. Another species P. rhizomorpha was closely grouped with P. citrinosanguinea with lower supports; morphologically having yellow to reddish yellow hymenial surface, and smaller cystidia measuring as 31–48 × 2.3–4.8 µm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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71 pages, 169313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Global Diversity and Updated Phylogeny of Auricularia (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)

by Fang Wu, Ablat Tohtirjap, Long-Fei Fan, Li-Wei Zhou, Renato L. M. Alvarenga, Tatiana B. Gibertoni and Yu-Cheng Dai

J. Fungi 2021, 7(11), 933; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110933 - 3 Nov 2021

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 8126

Abstract

Auricularia has a worldwide distribution and is very important due to its edibility and medicinal properties. Morphological examinations and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of 277 samples from 35 countries in Asia, Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Oceania were carried out. Phylogenetic analyses [...] Read more.

Auricularia has a worldwide distribution and is very important due to its edibility and medicinal properties. Morphological examinations and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of 277 samples from 35 countries in Asia, Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Oceania were carried out. Phylogenetic analyses were based on ITS, nLSU, rpb1, and rpb2 sequences using methods of Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses. According to the morphological and/or molecular characters, 37 Auricularia species were identified. Ten new species, A. camposii and A. novozealandica in the A. cornea complex, A. australiana, A. conferta, A. lateralis, A. pilosa and A. sinodelicata in the A. delicata complex, A. africana, A. srilankensis, and A. submesenterica in the A. mesenterica complex, are described. The two known species A. pusio and A. tremellosa, respectively belonging to the A. mesenterica complex and the A. delicata complex, are redefined, while A. angiospermarum, belonging to the A. auricula-judae complex, is validated. The morphological characters, photos, ecological traits, hosts and geographical distributions of those 37 species are outlined and discussed. Morphological differences and phylogenetic relations of species in five Auricularia morphological complexes (the A. auricula-judae, the A. cornea, the A. delicata, the A. fuscosuccinea and the A. mesenterica complexes) are elaborated. Synopsis data on comparisons of species in the five complexes are provided. An identification key for the accepted 37 species is proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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32 pages, 7390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multigene Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal Unexpectedly High Number of New Species of Cantharellus Subgenus Parvocantharellus (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) in China

by Ming Zhang, Chao-Qun Wang, Bart Buyck, Wang-Qiu Deng and Tai-Hui Li

J. Fungi 2021, 7(11), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110919 - 28 Oct 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2692

Abstract

The genus Cantharellus, commonly known as chanterelles, has recently been divided into six subgenera; however, wider sampling approaches are needed to clarify the relationships within and between these groups. A phylogenetic overview of Cantharellus subgenus Parvocantharellus in China was inferred based on [...] Read more.

The genus Cantharellus, commonly known as chanterelles, has recently been divided into six subgenera; however, wider sampling approaches are needed to clarify the relationships within and between these groups. A phylogenetic overview of Cantharellus subgenus Parvocantharellus in China was inferred based on the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1). A total of nine species from China were assigned to the subgenus, including seven novel species, namely Cantharellusaurantinus, C. austrosinensis, C. galbanus, C. luteolus, C. luteovirens, C. minioalbus, and C. sinominior, and two known species, namely C. albus and C. zangii. The detailed descriptions and illustrations were provided based on the newly obtained data, with the comparisons to closely related species. C. zangii was restudied based on the paratype specimens and multiple new collections from the type locality. Futhermore, the Indian species C. sikkimensis was identified as a synonym of C. zangii based on the morphological and molecular analyses. A key to the Chinese species belonging to the subg. Parvocantharellus is also provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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12 pages, 2920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fungal Metagenome of Chernevaya Taiga Soils: Taxonomic Composition, Differential Abundance and Factors Related to Plant Gigantism

by Mikhail Rayko, Sophie Sokornova and Alla Lapidus

J. Fungi 2021, 7(11), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110908 - 27 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2510

Abstract

The Chernevaya taiga of Western Siberia is a unique and complex ecosystem, distinguished by the unusually large sizes of herbaceous plants, the reasons for which are poorly understood. Here, we explored the fungal diversity of the Chernevaya taiga soils in the Tomsk regions [...] Read more.

The Chernevaya taiga of Western Siberia is a unique and complex ecosystem, distinguished by the unusually large sizes of herbaceous plants, the reasons for which are poorly understood. Here, we explored the fungal diversity of the Chernevaya taiga soils in the Tomsk regions of Western Siberia in comparison with other soil types. The soil biomes of Chernevaya taiga and the control regions were investigated using Illumina ITS rRNA sequencing, and taxonomic analysis revealed a predominance of fungal phyla in the different soils. These results demonstrate that the fungi of the Chernevaya taiga regions have a higher species diversity (Faith’s PD) vs. the control soils, and the diversity is due more to the sampling sites rather than to the seasons (Bray-Curtis distance). We studied most of the differentially abundant taxa among the soil types, and we annotated the taxa with their ecological guilds and trophic types. Some of the abundant fungal taxa in the summer- and fall-Chernevaya taiga samples belong to the phylum Glomeromycota—arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotrophs, which are known to establish symbiotic relationships and enhance plant growth. Additionally, several OTUs were assigned to novel genera in the Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae families. Our findings add a potential explanation of the high productivity and plant gigantism in Chernevaya taiga and expand our knowledge of fungal biodiversity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holarctic Fungi: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Nutrition Interactions and Distribution)

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