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Novel Biomarkers for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure
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Novel Biomarkers for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanisms of Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2023) | Viewed by 15264

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Josep Comín-Colet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Cardiology Department, Heart Institute, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
2. Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
3. Community Heart Failure Program, Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
5. Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: chronic heart failure; eHealth; telemedicine; transitional care; chronic care model
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cristina Enjuanes-Grau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: heart failure; arrhythmia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heart failure is acknowledged as a major and growing public health problem. It is currently a devastating syndrome with a very negative impact on mortality, morbidity, and health-related quality of life. Heart failure is also considered an international priority in healthcare due to its growing prevalence and to the rising medical resource use and expenditure.

The use of biomarkers in the management of patients with heart failure has increased over the past few years. Biomarkers contribute to making reliable tools for a systematic and optimized strategy in heart failure diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances in research have settled the basis for biomarker testing and diagnostic evaluation in heart failure; however, there are still many gaps of knowledge regarding the use of biomarkers for patient-centered integrated early diagnosis and risk stratification.

This Special Issue will provide novel findings and innovations in the field of biomarkers, to ensure more efficiency for heart failure condition through multidisciplinary and integrated management approach.

Dr. Josep Comín-Colet
Dr. Cristina Enjuanes-Grau
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heart failure
  • biomarkers
  • translational medicine
  • outcomes research
  • comorbidities
  • integrated care

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 864 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Value of Soluble AXL in Serum from Heart Failure Patients with Preserved and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
by Helena Cristóbal, Cristina Enjuanes, Montserrat Batlle, Marta Tajes, Begoña Campos, Josep Francesch, Pedro Moliner, Marta Farrero, Rut Andrea, José Tomás Ortiz-Pérez, Albert Morales, Manel Sabaté, Josep Comin-Colet and Pablo García de Frutos
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(3), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030446 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1814
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is classified according to the degree of reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in HF with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved EF. Biomarkers could behave differently depending on EF type. Here, we analyze the soluble form of the AXL [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) is classified according to the degree of reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in HF with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved EF. Biomarkers could behave differently depending on EF type. Here, we analyze the soluble form of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (sAXL) in HF patients with reduced and preserved EF. Two groups of HF patients with reduced (HFrEF; n = 134) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; n = 134) were included in this prospective observational study, with measurements of candidate biomarkers and functional, clinical, and echocardiographic variables. A Cox regression model was used to determine predictors for clinical events: cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. sAXL circulating values predicted outcome in HF: for a 1.0 ng/mL increase in serum sAXL, the mortality hazard ratio (HR) was 1.019 for HFrEF (95% CI 1.000 to 1.038) and 1.032 for HFpEF (95% CI 1.013 to 1.052). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, sAXL and NT-proBNP were independent markers for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in HFpEF. In contrast, only NT-proBNP remained significant in the HFrEF group. When analyzing the event-free survival at a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, HFrEF and HFpEF patients in the higher quartile of sAXL had a reduced survival time. Interestingly, sAXL is a reliable predictor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality only in the HFpEF cohort. The results suggest an important role for AXL in HFpEF, supporting sAXL evaluation in larger clinical studies and pointing to AXL as a potential target for HF therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure)
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17 pages, 1835 KiB  
Article
CT-Diagnosed Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Is It Possible to Predict Muscle Loss Based on Laboratory Tests?—A Multicentric Retrospective Analysis
by Stefan Hecht, Elke Boxhammer, Reinhard Kaufmann, Bernhard Scharinger, Christian Reiter, Jürgen Kammler, Jörg Kellermair, Matthias Hammerer, Hermann Blessberger, Clemens Steinwender, Uta C. Hoppe, Klaus Hergan and Michael Lichtenauer
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(9), 1453; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091453 - 4 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2287
Abstract
Background: Patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) often present with heart failure and sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, described as progressive degradation of skeletal muscle mass, has frequently been implicated as a cause of increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization and generalized poor outcome after transcatheter aortic [...] Read more.
Background: Patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) often present with heart failure and sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, described as progressive degradation of skeletal muscle mass, has frequently been implicated as a cause of increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization and generalized poor outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). At present, sarcopenia is defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) based on clinical examination criteria and radiological imaging. The aim of the present study was to compare patients with Computed Tomography (CT)-diagnosed sarcopenia with regard to the expression of cardiovascular biomarkers in order to obtain additional, laboratory-chemical information. Methods: A total of 179 patients with severe AS were included in this retrospective study. Sarcopenia was determined via CT by measurement of the psoas muscle area (PMA), which was indexed to body surface area (PMAi). According to previous studies, the lowest tertile was defined as sarcopenic. Patients with (59/179) and without sarcopenia (120/179) in the overall cohort were compared by gender-specific cut-offs with regard to the expression of cardiovascular biomarkers such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2), growth/differentiation of factor-15 (GDF-15), heart-type fatty-acid binding protein (H-FABP), insulin like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGF-BP2) and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). Additionally, binary logistic regression analyses were calculated to detect possible predictors of the presence of sarcopenia. Results: No statistical differences regarding one-year survival could be detected between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients in survival curves (log rank test p = 0.179). In the entire cohort, only BNP and hemoglobin (HB) showed a statistically significant difference, with only HB emerging as a relevant predictor for the presence of sarcopenia after binary logistic regression analysis (p = 0.015). No relevant difference in biomarker expression could be found in the male cohort. Regarding the female cohort, statistically significant differences were found in BNP, HB and hematocrit (HK). In binary logistic regression, however, none of the investigated criteria could be related to sarcopenia. Conclusion: Regardless of gender, patients with imaging-based muscle degradation did not demonstrate significantly different cardiovascular biomarker expression compared to those without it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure)
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Review

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19 pages, 398 KiB  
Review
Novel Biomarkers of Renal Dysfunction and Congestion in Heart Failure
by Agata Zdanowicz, Szymon Urban, Barbara Ponikowska, Gracjan Iwanek, Robert Zymliński, Piotr Ponikowski and Jan Biegus
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(6), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060898 - 29 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3375
Abstract
Heart failure is a major public health problem and, despite the constantly emerging, new, effective treatments, it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Reliable tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial in the management of HF. This explains a [...] Read more.
Heart failure is a major public health problem and, despite the constantly emerging, new, effective treatments, it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Reliable tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial in the management of HF. This explains a growing interest in the development of new biomarkers related to various pathophysiological mechanisms of HF. In the course of this review, we focused on the markers of congestion and renal dysfunction in terms of their interference with cardiovascular homeostasis. Congestion is a hallmark feature of heart failure, contributing to symptoms, morbidity, and hospitalizations of patients with HF and has, therefore, become a therapeutic target in AHF. On the other hand, impaired renal function by altering the volume status contributes to the development and progression of HF and serves as a marker of an adverse clinical outcome. Early detection of congestion and an adequate assessment of renal status are essential for the prompt administration of patient-tailored therapy. This review provides an insight into recent advances in the field of HF biomarkers that could be potentially implemented in diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with HF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure)
12 pages, 303 KiB  
Review
Biomarkers of Myocardial Injury and Remodeling in Heart Failure
by Barbara Ponikowska, Gracjan Iwanek, Agata Zdanowicz, Szymon Urban, Robert Zymliński, Piotr Ponikowski and Jan Biegus
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(5), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050799 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3930
Abstract
With its complicated pathophysiology, high incidence and prevalence, heart failure remains a major public concern. In hopes of improving diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, the utility of many different biomarkers is researched vigorously around the world. In this review, biomarkers of myocardial remodeling and [...] Read more.
With its complicated pathophysiology, high incidence and prevalence, heart failure remains a major public concern. In hopes of improving diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, the utility of many different biomarkers is researched vigorously around the world. In this review, biomarkers of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis (galectin-3, soluble isoform of suppression of tumorigenicity 2, matrix metalloproteinases, osteopontin, interleukin-6, syndecan-4, myostatin, procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide, procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxidase synthetase and asymmetric dimethylarginine), myocyte injury (heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, glutathione S-transferase P1 and heat shock protein 60), as well as iron metabolism (ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor and hepcidin), are considered in terms of possible clinical applicability and significance. Our short review consists of a summary of the aforementioned cardiovascular biomarkers’ clinical relevance and perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure)
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23 pages, 512 KiB  
Review
Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis and Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Non-Invasive Ways of Risk Stratification, Especially in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
by Elke Boxhammer, Alexander E. Berezin, Vera Paar, Nina Bacher, Albert Topf, Sergii Pavlov, Uta C. Hoppe and Michael Lichtenauer
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(4), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040603 - 8 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3022
Abstract
Patients with severe aortic valve stenosis and concomitant pulmonary hypertension show a significantly reduced survival prognosis. Right heart catheterization as a preoperative diagnostic tool to determine pulmonary hypertension has been largely abandoned in recent years in favor of echocardiographic criteria. Clinically, determination of [...] Read more.
Patients with severe aortic valve stenosis and concomitant pulmonary hypertension show a significantly reduced survival prognosis. Right heart catheterization as a preoperative diagnostic tool to determine pulmonary hypertension has been largely abandoned in recent years in favor of echocardiographic criteria. Clinically, determination of echocardiographically estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure falls far short of invasive right heart catheterization data in terms of accuracy. The aim of the present systematic review was to highlight noninvasive possibilities for the detection of pulmonary hypertension in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis, with a special focus on cardiovascular biomarkers. A total of 525 publications regarding echocardiography, cardiovascular imaging and biomarkers related to severe aortic valve stenosis and pulmonary hypertension were analyzed in a systematic database analysis using PubMed Central®. Finally, 39 publications were included in the following review. It was shown that the current scientific data situation, especially regarding cardiovascular biomarkers as non-invasive diagnostic tools for the determination of pulmonary hypertension in severe aortic valve stenosis patients, is poor. Thus, there is a great scientific potential to combine different biomarkers (biomarker scores) in a non-invasive way to determine the presence or absence of PH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers for Acute and Chronic Heart Failure)
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