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New Advances in Diagnostic and Surgical Treatment of Ocular Diseases
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New Advances in Diagnostic and Surgical Treatment of Ocular Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Medicine, Cell, and Organism Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4196

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ciprian Danielescu

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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Interests: vitreoretinal surgery; macular diseases; intraocular inflammation; ocular trauma; intravitreal therapies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am delighted to introduce “New Advances in Diagnostic and Surgical Treatment of Ocular Diseases”, a new Special Issue of the Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) dedicated to understanding the innovative diagnosis and management of ocular disease.

With the rapid development of surgical techniques, medical equipment, and biological materials, the field of clinical ophthalmology has altered dramatically in recent decades. Advances in surgical techniques and instruments have improved not only clinical outcomes but also diagnostic accuracy, with new treatment options making surgery safer, faster, and more precise. This Special Issue aims to create a multidisciplinary forum of discussion about the role of diagnostic and surgical procedures in the different subfields of ophthalmology.

The published papers will describe new developments in these areas. We would like to include discussions of topics relevant to the study of innovative diagnostic approaches, surgical procedures, medical equipment, and biological materials of the ocular conditions. These can include, but are not limited to, refractive errors, cataracts, retinal vascular disease, retinal detachment, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and uveitis.

Dr. Ciprian Danielescu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ocular diseases

  • diagnostic approaches
  • surgical procedures
  • medical equipment
  • biological materials

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2036 KiB  
Article
Volumetric Biomarkers of Visual Outcome after Surgical Repair in Lamellar Macular Holes
by Myrta Lippera, George Moussa, Tsveta Ivanova, Mariantonia Ferrara, Karina Spiess, Naseer Ally, Kirti Jasani, Felipe Dhawahir-Scala, Niall Patton and Assad Jalil
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(7), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070755 - 16 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 418
Abstract
Background: We investigate novel OCT parameters, based on the volumetric analysis of lamellar macular holes (LMHs), as prognostic indicators for visual outcomes after surgery. Methods: LMHs were divided into degenerative LMHs (D-LMHs) and ERM-foveoschisis (ERM-FS). Pre-operative clinical, OCT linear and volumetric parameters were [...] Read more.
Background: We investigate novel OCT parameters, based on the volumetric analysis of lamellar macular holes (LMHs), as prognostic indicators for visual outcomes after surgery. Methods: LMHs were divided into degenerative LMHs (D-LMHs) and ERM-foveoschisis (ERM-FS). Pre-operative clinical, OCT linear and volumetric parameters were collected. Volumes were obtained using the OCT automatic segmentation, such as central retinal volume (CRV) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) volume, or using a novel method to calculate volumes of specific LMH entities like epiretinal proliferation (ERP), foveal cavity (FC) in D-LMH and schitic volume (SV) in ERM-FS. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis evaluated the factors predictive for post-operative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: We included 31 eyes of 31 patients (14 D-LMH,17 ERM-FS). A pre-operative BCVA ≤ 0.48 logMAR was a predictor for achieving ≤0.30 logMAR at final follow-up. A lower pre-operative BCVA (p = 0.008) and the presence of ERP (p = 0.002) were associated with worse visual outcomes post-surgery. Moreover, novel pre-operative OCT parameters significantly associated with worse post-operative BCVA, such as increased FC volume (p = 0.032) and lower CRV (p = 0.034) in the D-LMH subtype and lower CRV (p < 0.001) and ERP volume (p < 0.001), higher SV (p < 0.001) and foveal ONL volume (p < 0.001) in the ERM-FS subtype. Conclusions: Novel volumetric OCT parameters can be prognostic indicators of visual outcome following surgery in LMHs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Diagnostic and Surgical Treatment of Ocular Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 1665 KiB  
Review
Thyroid Eye Disease: Advancements in Orbital and Ocular Pathology Management
by Anna Scarabosio, Pier Luigi Surico, Rohan Bir Singh, Vlad Tereshenko, Mutali Musa, Fabiana D’Esposito, Andrea Russo, Antonio Longo, Caterina Gagliano, Edoardo Agosti, Etash Jhanji and Marco Zeppieri
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(7), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070776 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 611
Abstract
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition often associated with thyroid dysfunction, leading to significant ocular and orbital morbidity. This review explores recent advancements in the management of TED, focusing on both medical and surgical innovations. The introduction of Teprotumumab, the [...] Read more.
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition often associated with thyroid dysfunction, leading to significant ocular and orbital morbidity. This review explores recent advancements in the management of TED, focusing on both medical and surgical innovations. The introduction of Teprotumumab, the first FDA-approved drug specifically for TED, marks a pivotal development in medical therapy. Teprotumumab targets the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), effectively reducing inflammation and tissue remodeling. Clinical trials demonstrate its efficacy in reducing proptosis and improving quality of life, making it a cornerstone in the treatment of active, moderate-to-severe TED. Surgical management remains critical for patients with chronic TED or those unresponsive to medical therapy. Advancements in orbital decompression surgery, including image-guided and minimally invasive techniques, offer improved outcomes and reduced complications. Innovations in eyelid and strabismus surgery enhance functional and cosmetic results, further improving patient satisfaction. The management of TED necessitates a multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, oculoplastic surgeons, radiologists, and other specialists. This collaborative strategy ensures comprehensive care, addressing the diverse aspects of TED from thyroid dysfunction to ocular health and psychological well-being. Future directions in TED treatment include emerging pharmacological therapies targeting different aspects of the disease’s pathophysiology and advanced surgical techniques aimed at enhancing precision and safety. This review underscores the importance of a personalized, multidisciplinary approach in managing TED, highlighting current advancements, and exploring potential future innovations to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Diagnostic and Surgical Treatment of Ocular Diseases)
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18 pages, 967 KiB  
Review
Non-Invasive Retinal Vessel Analysis as a Predictor for Cardiovascular Disease
by Raluca Eugenia Iorga, Damiana Costin, Răzvana Sorina Munteanu-Dănulescu, Elena Rezuș and Andreea Dana Moraru
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(5), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14050501 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1138
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most frequent cause of death worldwide. The alterations in the microcirculation may predict the cardiovascular mortality. The retinal vasculature can be used as a model to study vascular alterations associated with cardiovascular disease. In order to quantify microvascular [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most frequent cause of death worldwide. The alterations in the microcirculation may predict the cardiovascular mortality. The retinal vasculature can be used as a model to study vascular alterations associated with cardiovascular disease. In order to quantify microvascular changes in a non-invasive way, fundus images can be taken and analysed. The central retinal arteriolar (CRAE), the venular (CRVE) diameter and the arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (AVR) can be used as biomarkers to predict the cardiovascular mortality. A narrower CRAE, wider CRVE and a lower AVR have been associated with increased cardiovascular events. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DRVA) allows the quantification of retinal changes using digital image sequences in response to visual stimulation with flicker light. This article is not just a review of the current literature, it also aims to discuss the methodological benefits and to identify research gaps. It highlights the potential use of microvascular biomarkers for screening and treatment monitoring of cardiovascular disease. Artificial intelligence (AI), such as Quantitative Analysis of Retinal vessel Topology and size (QUARTZ), and SIVA–deep learning system (SIVA-DLS), seems efficient in extracting information from fundus photographs and has the advantage of increasing diagnosis accuracy and improving patient care by complementing the role of physicians. Retinal vascular imaging using AI may help identify the cardiovascular risk, and is an important tool in primary cardiovascular disease prevention. Further research should explore the potential clinical application of retinal microvascular biomarkers, in order to assess systemic vascular health status, and to predict cardiovascular events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Diagnostic and Surgical Treatment of Ocular Diseases)
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19 pages, 367 KiB  
Review
Automated Retinal Vessel Analysis Based on Fundus Photographs as a Predictor for Non-Ophthalmic Diseases—Evolution and Perspectives
by Ciprian Danielescu, Marius Gabriel Dabija, Alin Horatiu Nedelcu, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Ancuta Lupu, Ileana Ioniuc, Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu, Vlad-Constantin Donica, Maria-Luciana Anton and Ovidiu Musat
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010045 - 29 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1610
Abstract
The study of retinal vessels in relation to cardiovascular risk has a long history. The advent of a dedicated tool based on digital imaging, i.e., the retinal vessel analyzer, and also other software such as Integrative Vessel Analysis (IVAN), Singapore I Vessel Assessment [...] Read more.
The study of retinal vessels in relation to cardiovascular risk has a long history. The advent of a dedicated tool based on digital imaging, i.e., the retinal vessel analyzer, and also other software such as Integrative Vessel Analysis (IVAN), Singapore I Vessel Assessment (SIVA), and Vascular Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the Retina (VAMPIRE), has led to the accumulation of a formidable body of evidence regarding the prognostic value of retinal vessel analysis (RVA) for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (including arterial hypertension in children). There is also the potential to monitor the response of retinal vessels to therapies such as physical activity or bariatric surgery. The dynamic vessel analyzer (DVA) remains a unique way of studying neurovascular coupling, helping to understand the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative conditions and also being complementary to techniques that measure macrovascular dysfunction. Beyond cardiovascular disease, retinal vessel analysis has shown associations with and prognostic value for neurological conditions, inflammation, kidney function, and respiratory disease. Artificial intelligence (AI) (represented by algorithms such as QUantitative Analysis of Retinal vessel Topology and siZe (QUARTZ), SIVA-DLS (SIVA—deep learning system), and many others) seems efficient in extracting information from fundus photographs, providing prognoses of various general conditions with unprecedented predictive value. The future challenges will be integrating RVA and other qualitative and quantitative risk factors in a unique, comprehensive prediction tool, certainly powered by AI, while building the much-needed acceptance for such an approach inside the medical community and reducing the “black box” effect, possibly by means of saliency maps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Diagnostic and Surgical Treatment of Ocular Diseases)
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