Diversity in Patterns of L3 Phonological Acquisition

A special issue of Languages (ISSN 2226-471X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2021) | Viewed by 12992

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
English Department, University of Münster, Johannisstr. 12-19, 48-143 Münster, Germany
Interests: phonetics and phonology of English; varieties of English; acquisition of English as an L2 and L3; corpus linguistics and corpus design; sociolinguistics; language change

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Co-Guest Editor
English Department, University of Münster, Johannisstr. 12-19, 48-143 Münster, Germany
Interests: speech perception and production of English as an L2 and L3; age-related differences in L2 and L3 learning; multilingual pedagogies
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although phonetics and phonology have attracted increased attention in third language (L3) acquisition research in recent years, and important contributions have been made with respect to our understanding of the complex interactions between native and non-native sound systems of multilingual speakers and perceivers (see, e.g., Wrembel and Cabrelli Amaro, 2018), little research has systematically addressed different L3 learner groups and learning scenarios. The diversity of learning contexts in L3 acquisition extends not only to the acquired languages but is also related to the way the second language (L2) was/is being acquired or to learner variables such as age and cognitive abilities. Important differences can be expected between, for an example, L3 learners who are active bilinguals and who use their other two languages in everyday life, and others who may live in a monolingual context and use their L2 only occasionally (Cenoz, 2013). Moreover, differences related to phonological awareness might be found between learners who have learned their L2 in a school setting vs. heritage speakers and bilinguals who have grown up with two languages. Last but not least, differences in phonological L3 acquisition between learners of different cognitive abilities such as very young or very old learners remain largely unexplored so far. Appreciating that continua such as language use and learning contexts may change over time, the aim of this Special Issue is to gain a more nuanced understanding of the diverse (developmental) patterns of L3 segmental and suprasegmental acquisition in different types of L3 learners and learning scenarios. We encourage contributions in the domains of both L3 speech perception and production on hitherto understudied learner groups and individuals, such as naturalistic learners, child learners, and senior learners, in view of further advancing theories in the burgeoning field of L3 phonology.

We request that, prior to submitting a manuscript, interested authors initially submit a proposed title and an abstract of 400–600 words summarizing their intended contribution. Please send it to the guest editors (Ulrike Gut, [email protected] and Romana Kopečková, [email protected]) or to the Languages editorial office ([email protected]). Abstracts will be reviewed by the guest editors for the purposes of ensuring proper fit within the scope of the Special Issue. Full manuscripts will undergo double-blind peer-review.

Tentative completion schedule:

  • Abstract submission deadline: 30 May 2021
  • Notification of abstract acceptance: 30 June 2021
  • Full manuscript deadline: 1 December 2021

Prof. Dr. Ulrike Gut
Dr. Romana Kopečková
Guest Editors

References

  1. Cenoz, J. (2013). The influence of bilingualism on third language acquisition: Focus on multilingualism. Language Teaching, 46 (1), 71-86.
  2. Wrembel, M. & Cabrelli Amaro, J. (eds.) (2018). Advances in the Investigation of L3 Phonological Acquisition. London: Routledge.

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Keywords

  • L3 phonology
  • multilingual phonological development
  • L3 speech perception and production
  • different types of L3 learners
  • L3 learning scenarios

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4013 KiB  
Article
The L3 Polish Lateral in Unbalanced Bilinguals: The Roles of L3 Proficiency and Background Languages
by Jolanta Sypiańska
Languages 2022, 7(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020102 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1955
Abstract
Previous research points to a major role of L3 proficiency in L3 acquisition whereas language dominance and cognate status in bilinguals remain under-researched. The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of L3 proficiency, language dominance and cognate status on the [...] Read more.
Previous research points to a major role of L3 proficiency in L3 acquisition whereas language dominance and cognate status in bilinguals remain under-researched. The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of L3 proficiency, language dominance and cognate status on the production of the L3 Polish lateral. The dominance of Ukrainian over Russian was assessed with the use of an adapted version of the Bilingual Language Profile. Proficiency in Polish was gauged by means of a standardized placement test. The stimuli included tokens requiring a clear realization with the Polish lateral divided into four conditions depending on its production in cognates from Ukrainian/Russian. The results revealed that higher L3 proficiency was associated with an increase in target-like lateral productions in L3 Polish. Language dominance accounted for the less typical lateral pronunciations with a tendency to produce more labiovelar approximants by more Ukrainian-dominant speakers and fewer palatalized laterals by more balanced Ukrainian–Russian speakers. A similar lateral pronunciation in the cognates of both background languages influenced lateral production in the L3. Different lateral pronunciations in the cognates of the background languages had an effect on the more Ukrainian-dominant speakers who had a greater tendency to rely on the L1 Ukrainian pronunciation while producing L3 Polish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity in Patterns of L3 Phonological Acquisition)
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26 pages, 6528 KiB  
Article
The Role of Task Complexity and Dominant Articulatory Routines in the Acquisition of L3 Spanish
by Matthew Patience and Wenqing Qian
Languages 2022, 7(2), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020090 - 6 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2150
Abstract
Many studies in L3 phonetics and phonology have found that language dominance plays an influential role in determining the source of transfer. However, any effect of language dominance is likely dependent on many factors, including task complexity. As complexity increases, learners should be [...] Read more.
Many studies in L3 phonetics and phonology have found that language dominance plays an influential role in determining the source of transfer. However, any effect of language dominance is likely dependent on many factors, including task complexity. As complexity increases, learners should be increasingly likely to rely on the more automatic articulatory routines from their dominant language. We tested this hypothesis by examining the production patterns of L1 Mandarin–L2 English–L3 Spanish speakers acquiring the Spanish tap and trill, performing a less complex word-reading task and a more complex sentence reading task. The results of the former were reported in a previous study, revealing that the speakers transferred the L2 English [ɹ] and [ɾ] to some extent when acquiring the Spanish rhotics. We hypothesized that such transfer would be less prevalent in the same speakers performing the sentence reading task. The results revealed some support for the hypothesis. Transfer of L2 [ɾ] decreased in the sentence reading task, as did transfer of L2 [ɾ] (in trill productions). L2 [ɹ] substitutes did not vary with task. The results highlight that transfer from previous languages is partially dependent on task. Future work should establish when and to what extent language dominance influences the source of transfer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity in Patterns of L3 Phonological Acquisition)
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28 pages, 2078 KiB  
Article
Do a Learner’s Background Languages Change with Increasing Exposure to L3? Comparing the Multilingual Phonological Development of Adolescents and Adults
by Christina Nelson
Languages 2022, 7(2), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020078 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2654
Abstract
The present study longitudinally explores regressive phonological cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in seven adolescents (aged 12–13) and seven adults (aged 21–39) by examining voice-onset time (VOT) of /p,t,k/ in their first, second, and third language (L1, L2, and L3, respectively). All participants had the [...] Read more.
The present study longitudinally explores regressive phonological cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in seven adolescents (aged 12–13) and seven adults (aged 21–39) by examining voice-onset time (VOT) of /p,t,k/ in their first, second, and third language (L1, L2, and L3, respectively). All participants had the same language combination (L1 German, L2 English, L3 Polish) and were recorded completing a range of production tasks in all three languages four times over the course of the first year of L3 learning. The scope of previous research on phonological CLI is thus broadened in two ways: (1) by tracing the development of all languages upon the arrival of a new language in a multilingual’s system longitudinally, and (2) by investigating CLI patterns in two age groups when input and learning environment are comparable. Previous L2 age studies have mostly only made retrospective assumptions about (target) language development, so that longitudinal data, including the entire language repertoire of multilingual speakers, are needed to substantiate claims made in that regard. For the adolescent group, significant changes to both their L1 and L2 over time were found, while the adults’ background languages remained relatively stable on the group level. However, for both groups, much individual variation was uncovered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity in Patterns of L3 Phonological Acquisition)
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23 pages, 2419 KiB  
Article
Acquiring French Intonation against the Backdrop of Heritage Bilingualism: The Case of German–Turkish Learners
by Jonas Grünke and Christoph Gabriel
Languages 2022, 7(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7010068 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3051
Abstract
This paper investigates the intonation of L3 French, produced by six bilingual learners (ages: 15–17) who speak Turkish as a heritage language (HL) along with German and six same-aged monolingual German learners. We examined of a corpus of read speech in two respects: [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the intonation of L3 French, produced by six bilingual learners (ages: 15–17) who speak Turkish as a heritage language (HL) along with German and six same-aged monolingual German learners. We examined of a corpus of read speech in two respects: first, we determined the number of accentual phrases (APs) and, second, we extracted F0 values for each segment, normalized them, and calculated the deviations from the average values produced by three native controls (age: 21–23). Although the bilinguals were expected to outperform the monolinguals due to certain similarities between the intonational systems of French and Turkish, their mean deviation from the native contours was only slightly smaller than that of the monolinguals (difference not significant). To determine how strongly the bilinguals’ Turkish intonation was influenced by German and whether it could serve as a basis for positive transfer whatsoever, we compared their production in Turkish with data recorded from three monolingual Turkish L1 speakers (ages: 21–32) and five German learners of L2 Turkish (ages: 22–43). Results show that the bilinguals’ Turkish intonation does not deviate substantially from the monolinguals’ one, in contrast to the contours produced by the L2 learners. This suggests that metalinguistic and prosodic awareness should be fostered in heritage bilinguals to make them benefit from their full linguistic repertoire. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity in Patterns of L3 Phonological Acquisition)
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20 pages, 3147 KiB  
Article
Segmental and Prosodic Evidence for Property-by-Property Transfer in L3 English in Northern Africa
by John Archibald
Languages 2022, 7(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7010028 - 6 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2285
Abstract
In this paper, I argue in favour of property-by-property transfer in the third language acquisition of English by L1 Arabic and L2 French speakers in Northern Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) based on a reanalysis of previous work. I provide a phonological analysis of [...] Read more.
In this paper, I argue in favour of property-by-property transfer in the third language acquisition of English by L1 Arabic and L2 French speakers in Northern Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) based on a reanalysis of previous work. I provide a phonological analysis of their spontaneous production data in the domains of consonants, vowels, stress, and rhythm. The L3 phonology shows evidence of influence from both L1 Arabic and L2 French, with mixed influences found both within and across segmental and prosodic domains. The vowels are French-influenced, while the consonants are Arabic-influenced; the stress is a mixture of Arabic and French influence while the rhythm is French. I argue that these data are explained if we adopt a Contrastive Hierarchy Model of feature structure with the addition of parsing theories such as those proposed by Lightfoot. These data provide further evidence in support of the Westergaard’s Linguistic Proximity Model. I conclude by showing how this approach can allow us to formalize a measure of linguistic I-proximity and thus explain when the L1 or L2 structures will transfer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity in Patterns of L3 Phonological Acquisition)
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