Bacteriophages: Infection, Genetics and Therapy

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 May 2023) | Viewed by 2894

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Interests: phage therapy; phage evolution; phage genetics; endolysins; antibiotic resistance

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Guest Editor
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
Interests: phage biology; phage–host/antibiotics interaction; bacteriophage ecology

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Guest Editor
School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
Interests: phage therapy; antimicrobial resistance; phage–antibiotic synergy; phage genomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacteriophages (or “phages”) are prokaryotic viruses known to infect and kill bacteria. Bacteriophages are abundant in the environmental niches occupied by the bacteria they infect. The interaction of bacteria and bacteriophages plays a key role in bacterial evolution, and many anti-phage bacterial defense systems are under investigation. Understanding the arms race between bacteria and bacteriophage leads to the identification of new immune systems. How bacteriophages are adsorbed to the bacterial surface and how bacteria develop resistant mutants are worth investigating. The concept of using bacteriophages as therapeutic agents to cure bacterial infections, called phage therapy, is gaining interest because of the development of antibiotic-resistant infections. Phage therapy is believed to be one of the alternatives to combat the antibiotic resistance crisis, but the impact of introducing therapeutic bacteriophages into the human system is less known. Recent studies also showed the potential of phage-encoded antimicrobial proteins such as endolysins or holins to kill bacteria. Even though bacteria are developing resistance to both bacteriophages and antibiotics, the combinational use of phages and antibiotics can overcome resistance to kill the bacterium. The possibility of reverting the antibiotic-resistant bacterial strain to become antibiotic-susceptible using a phage or phage cocktail is within the scope of investigation. In the broader view, more studies on bacteriophage biology at the molecular level will improve our understanding and help move phage research from laboratories to human therapeutics.

This Special Issue will present studies on bacteriophages—especially on phage characterization, phage genomics, phage–bacteria interaction, phage–antibiotic combination, animal-infection models, and phage-encoded antimicrobial proteins.

Dr. Prasanth Manohar
Dr. Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
Dr. Ramesh Nachimuthu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • bacteriophage biology
  • phage therapy
  • phage–bacteria–mammalian cell interaction
  • phage resistance
  • phage–antibiotic synergy
  • phage-derived lysins

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 3651 KiB  
Article
Human Serum Mediated Bacteriophage Life Cycle Switch in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Is Linked to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
by Gaoyan Grace Tang-Siegel
Life 2023, 13(2), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020436 - 3 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1619
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is rising as a major global public health threat and antibiotic resistance genes are widely spread among species, including human oral pathogens, e.g., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. This Gram-negative, capnophilic, facultative anaerobe is well recognized as a causative agent leading to periodontal [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance is rising as a major global public health threat and antibiotic resistance genes are widely spread among species, including human oral pathogens, e.g., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. This Gram-negative, capnophilic, facultative anaerobe is well recognized as a causative agent leading to periodontal diseases, as well as seriously systemic infections including endocarditis. A. actinomycetemcomitans has also evolved mechanisms against complement-mediated phagocytosis and resiliently survives in serum-rich in vivo environments, i.e., inflamed periodontal pockets and blood circulations. This bacterium, however, demonstrated increasing sensitivity to human serum, when being infected by a pseudolysogenic bacteriophage S1249, which switched to the lytic state as a response to human serum. Concomitantly, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc), which is composed of multiple copies of three enzymes (E1, E2, and E3) and oxidatively decarboxylates pyruvate to acetyl-CoA available for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, was found up-regulated 10-fold in the bacterial lysogen after human serum exposure. The data clearly indicated that certain human serum components induced phage virion replication and egress, resulting in bacterial lysis. Phage manipulation of bacterial ATP production through regulation of PDHc, a gatekeeper linking glycolysis to TCA cycle through aerobic respiration, suggests that a more efficient energy production and delivery system is required for phage progeny replication and release in this in vivo environment. Insights into bacteriophage regulation of bacterial fitness in a mimic in vivo condition will provide alternative strategies to control bacterial infection, in addition to antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteriophages: Infection, Genetics and Therapy)
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