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Life
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Microvascular Dynamics: Insights and Applications
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Microvascular Dynamics: Insights and Applications

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 June 2025 | Viewed by 1830

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aristotle G. Koutsiaris

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
MIBI Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
Interests: hemodynamics and microcirculation in health and disease; biofluid dynamics and mechanics; biomedical imaging and bio-microscopy, both in vitro and in vivo (in animals and humans); biomedical and computer engineering and informatics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Friedrich Jung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
Interests: cell culture; endothelial cells; thrombocytes; cell biology; hypertension; biomaterials; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular medicine; microalgae

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the first microscopic observation of the capillaries by Marcello Malpighi in the 17th century, about three and a half centuries have passed, but only recently have reliable studies appeared with statistics on microvascular dynamic parameter quantification and especially flow quantification in vitro in animals and humans.

Microvascular dynamics can be affected by a variety of factors, such as microvessel geometry, fluid rheology, cell aggregability and deformability, special proteins and drugs, local tissue, and pathological conditions such as microthrombosis, sickle cell disease, retinopathy, and nephropathy. In addition, microvascular dynamic quantities such as velocity and aggregation can be used as biomarkers in medicine to characterize a normal or abnormal biological process, disease, or pharmacological response.

The scope of this Special Issue is to accept original research and reviews on the latest developments in microvascular dynamics. Articles can describe diverse insights into microvascular dynamics from in vitro and in silico measurements and modeling, new molecular mechanisms, animal models, and preclinical or clinical studies. In addition, technological advances in imaging hardware and software methods and setups are welcome.

Dr. Aristotle G. Koutsiaris
Prof. Dr. Friedrich Jung
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microvessels
  • dynamics
  • velocity
  • flow
  • rheology
  • in vitro
  • animals
  • humans
  • biomarkers
  • imaging
  • simulations
  • models
  • preclinical
  • clinical

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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16 pages, 924 KiB  
Article
A Blood Supply Pathophysiological Microcirculatory Mechanism for Long COVID
by Aristotle G. Koutsiaris
Life 2024, 14(9), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091076 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 323
Abstract
Background: The term “Long COVID” is commonly used to describe persisting symptoms after acute COVID-19. Until now, proposed mechanisms for the explanation of Long COVID have not related quantitative measurements to basic laws. In this work, a common framework for the Long COVID [...] Read more.
Background: The term “Long COVID” is commonly used to describe persisting symptoms after acute COVID-19. Until now, proposed mechanisms for the explanation of Long COVID have not related quantitative measurements to basic laws. In this work, a common framework for the Long COVID pathophysiological mechanism is presented, based on the blood supply deprivation and the flow diffusion equation. Methods: Case–control studies with statistically significant differences between cases (post-COVID patients) and controls, from multiple tissues and geographical areas, were gathered and tabulated. Microvascular loss (ML) was quantified by vessel density reduction (VDR), foveal avascular zone enlargement (FAZE), capillary density reduction (CDR), and percentage of perfused vessel reduction (PPVR). Both ML and hemodynamic decrease (HD) were incorporated in the tissue blood supply reduction (SR) estimation. Results: ML data were found from 763 post-COVID patients with an average VDR, FAZE, CDR, and PPVR of 16%, 31%, 14%, and 21%, respectively. The average HD from 72 post-COVID patients was 37%. The estimated SR for multiple tissues with data from 634 post-COVID patients reached a sizeable 47%. This large SR creates conditions of lower mass diffusion rates, hypoxia, and undernutrition, which at a multi-tissue level, for a long time, can explain the wide variety of the Long COVID symptoms. Conclusions: Disruption of peripheral tissue blood supply by the contribution of both ML and HD is proposed here to be the principal cause of the mechanism leading to Long COVID symptoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microvascular Dynamics: Insights and Applications)
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12 pages, 1657 KiB  
Article
Developing Theoretical Models for Atherosclerotic Lesions: A Methodological Approach Using Interdisciplinary Insights
by Amun G. Hofmann
Life 2024, 14(8), 979; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080979 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 458
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, necessitates advanced and innovative modeling techniques to better understand and predict plaque dynamics. The present work presents two distinct hypothetical models inspired by different research fields: the logistic map from chaos theory and Markov models from [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, necessitates advanced and innovative modeling techniques to better understand and predict plaque dynamics. The present work presents two distinct hypothetical models inspired by different research fields: the logistic map from chaos theory and Markov models from stochastic processes. The logistic map effectively models the nonlinear progression and sudden changes in plaque stability, reflecting the chaotic nature of atherosclerotic events. In contrast, Markov models, including traditional Markov chains, spatial Markov models, and Markov random fields, provide a probabilistic framework to assess plaque stability and transitions. Spatial Markov models, visualized through heatmaps, highlight the spatial distribution of transition probabilities, emphasizing local interactions and dependencies. Markov random fields incorporate complex spatial interactions, inspired by advances in physics and computational biology, but present challenges in parameter estimation and computational complexity. While these hypothetical models offer promising insights, they require rigorous validation with real-world data to confirm their accuracy and applicability. This study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in developing theoretical models for atherosclerotic plaques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microvascular Dynamics: Insights and Applications)
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14 pages, 279 KiB  
Case Report
Cancer-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Literature Review and Report of Five Cases
by L. Posado-Domínguez, A.-J. Chamorro, E. Del Barco-Morillo, M. Martín-Galache, D. Bueno-Sacristán, E. Fonseca-Sánchez and A. Olivares-Hernández
Life 2024, 14(7), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070865 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 623
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is an anatomopathological lesion mediated by endothelial dysfunction and characterized by the creation of microthrombi in small vessels. In patients with cancer, it may be due to toxicity secondary to chemotherapy, tumor embolization, or hematopoietic progenitor transplantation. Cancer-associated TMA is [...] Read more.
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is an anatomopathological lesion mediated by endothelial dysfunction and characterized by the creation of microthrombi in small vessels. In patients with cancer, it may be due to toxicity secondary to chemotherapy, tumor embolization, or hematopoietic progenitor transplantation. Cancer-associated TMA is an underestimated entity that generally appears in the final stages of the disease, although it may also be the initial manifestation of an underlying cancer. Support treatment is necessary in all cases and, depending on the cause, different targeted therapies may be used. The prognosis is very poor. In this article we present a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the physiological mechanisms of cancer-associated TMA. Afterwards, five clinical cases will be presented of patients who developed TMA and were diagnosed in our Department in 2023. We present a discussion of the different causes that triggered the condition, the possible reasons behind the underestimation of this pathology, and the measures that may be adopted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microvascular Dynamics: Insights and Applications)
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