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Life
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Temporomandibular Joint Imaging
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Temporomandibular Joint Imaging

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2022) | Viewed by 14583

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lavinia Manuela Lenghel

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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: temporomandibular joint; ultrasound; magnetic resonance imaging; head and neck
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Daniel Talmaceanu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Stomestet Dental Clinic and Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: temporomandibular joint; ultrasound; MRI; disc displacement; TMJ effusion; TMJ arthrocentesis; orofacial pain

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders are very frequent conditions. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is defined by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP) as a complex term that covers a number of clinical problems that include the masticatory muscles, the TMJ, and the associated structures. The AAOP classifies TMD in two groups: muscular and articular. If clinical examination is sufficient for muscle disorders, imaging exams are sometimes required for proper diagnosis in cases of TMJ disorders. Multiple imaging techniques have been indicated for the diagnosis of TMJ pathology, including conventional radiology, conventional computer tomography (CT), cone beam CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and high-resolution ultrasonography. MRI is considered the standard of reference for soft-tissue examination of TMJ (diagnosis of disc displacement, synovitis, effusion, degenerative changes). CT is useful in the detection of osseous changes of TMJ bony structures (fractures, tumors, growth development anomalies). High-resolution ultrasonography has been indicated by some studies as a useful imaging technique in the diagnosis of TMJ disc displacements and effusion.  

Dr. Lavinia Manuela Lenghel
Dr. Daniel Talmaceanu
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  •  temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
  •  orofacial pain
  •  imaging
  •  ultrasound
  •  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  •  temporomandibular disorder (TMD)
  •  effusion
  •  arthrocentesis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1325 KiB  
Article
Differences between Maximum Tongue Force in Women Suffering from Chronic and Asymptomatic Temporomandibular Disorders—An Observational Study
by Marta Carlota Diaz-Saez, Hector Beltran-Alacreu, Javier Gil-Castillo and Alfonso Gil-Martínez
Life 2023, 13(1), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010229 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Background: Temporomandibular disorders are craniofacial disorders characterized by the presence of chronic pain in masticatory muscles, with higher incidence in the women population. There is little research that has studied tongue force related to temporomandibular disorders, but there are a lot of studies [...] Read more.
Background: Temporomandibular disorders are craniofacial disorders characterized by the presence of chronic pain in masticatory muscles, with higher incidence in the women population. There is little research that has studied tongue force related to temporomandibular disorders, but there are a lot of studies that have demonstrated the impact of tongue force in vital functions, such as chewing, swallowing, phonation, or breathing. According to this, the aim of this study was to compare the maximum force of the tongue between females with chronic temporomandibular disorders and asymptomatic females. We also wanted to establish whether any relationship existed between the pain and fatigue versus the maximum force developed in females with chronic temporomandibular disorders. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study of 67 women between the ages of 18 and 65 years old was performed. The included women were assigned to one of two groups, according to whether they had chronic temporomandibular disorders or not. The procedure was the same for both groups. Outcome measures included the maximum tongue force, intensity of perceived orofacial pain, and intensity of perceived orofacial fatigue. Results: The results showed significant statistical differences for the maximum tongue force measurement between the chronic temporomandibular disorders group and the control group (p < 0.05) for all the movements, except the lip pressure measurement. Furthermore, the analysis revealed significant statistical differences between the intensity of perceived orofacial fatigue between the groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the data showed no significant correlations between variables. Conclusion: The study found significant differences in maximum tongue force when comparing women with chronic temporomandibular disorders and asymptomatic women (being superior in these). Likewise, we found that the intensity of perceived orofacial fatigue after tongue exercises showed significant differences between groups. However, this study reveals no correlations between the intensity of perceived orofacial pain and fatigue and the maximum tongue force. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Temporomandibular Joint Imaging)
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13 pages, 951 KiB  
Article
Occlusal Splint Therapy Combined with Cranio-Temporomandibular Kinesiotherapy in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders—A CBCT Study
by Manuela Tăut, Smaranda Dana Buduru, Daniel Tălmăceanu, Alina Ban, Raluca Roman, Daniel Leucuța, Ioan Barbur and Aranka Ilea
Life 2022, 12(12), 2143; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122143 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2123
Abstract
Occlusal splints are used as a non-invasive treatment for patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Another non-invasive treatment option for TMD patients is kinesiotherapy, which may be used alone or in conjunction with occlusal splint therapy. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
Occlusal splints are used as a non-invasive treatment for patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Another non-invasive treatment option for TMD patients is kinesiotherapy, which may be used alone or in conjunction with occlusal splint therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the intra-articular spaces of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after occlusal splint therapy combined with cranio-temporomandibular kinesiotherapy in TMD patients. Twenty-four patients (N = 24) diagnosed with TMD according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were included. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken before and after treatment. The anterior, superior, posterior, and medial joint spaces were measured on the CBCT images, and the condylar ratio was calculated using Pullinger and Hollender’s formula. Additionally, the thickness of the glenoid fossa (GFT), condylar medio-lateral widths (MLW), and condylar height (HCo) were measured. The condylar ratio was significantly higher after treatment (p = 0.049). The changes in dimensions of the anterior, superior, posterior and medial joint spaces were not statistically significant after treatment. No statistically significant differences were found in the dimensions of the GFT, MLW, and HCo post treatment. The condylar position did not shift anteriorly in a statistically significant way after occlusal splint therapy combined with cranio-temporomandibular kinesiotherapy in TMD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Temporomandibular Joint Imaging)
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8 pages, 1528 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Cortical Bone Formation on Mandibular Condyle in Asymptomatic Adolescents and Young Adults Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
by Yo-Seob Seo, Hyun-Jeong Park, Sun-Kyoung Yu, Seo-Rin Jeong and Ji-Won Ryu
Life 2022, 12(12), 2032; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122032 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1738
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate cortical bone formation on the mandibular condyle using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in asymptomatic adolescents and young adults and to evaluate the relationship between age and sex. CBCT images that can evaluate the shape of [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate cortical bone formation on the mandibular condyle using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in asymptomatic adolescents and young adults and to evaluate the relationship between age and sex. CBCT images that can evaluate the shape of the mandibular condyle were selected from asymptomatic patients aged 13–25. The degree of cortication on the mandibular condyle (CMC) was evaluated using CBCT images reconstructed in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. CBCT data of 829 patients (413 males, 416 females) were selected and then the left and right images of all patients were acquired; consequently, a total of 1658 temporomandibular joint-related images were evaluated in this study. The degree of CMC was correlated with age in men and women (p < 0.05). The frequency of CMC 0 disappeared in woman aged 20 years and in men aged 21 years. Cortical bone formation of the mandibular condyle was completed at age 22 years in women and 24 years in men. The degrees of cortical bone formation of the mandibular condyle between men and women showed significant differences between the ages of 15–19 and 22 years. This difference can be interpreted as a different mandible growth period between the sexes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Temporomandibular Joint Imaging)
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12 pages, 2354 KiB  
Article
Functional Orthodontic Treatment of Mandibular Condyle Fractures in Children and Adolescent Patients: An MRI Follow-Up
by Hisham Sabbagh, Trayana Nikolova, Sara Carina Kakoschke, Andrea Wichelhaus and Tamara Katharina Kakoschke
Life 2022, 12(10), 1596; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101596 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2578
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate and follow up a conservative treatment approach with functional orthodontic appliances for the management of mandibular condyle fractures in children and adolescent patients. Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, the treatment records of patients [...] Read more.
Background: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate and follow up a conservative treatment approach with functional orthodontic appliances for the management of mandibular condyle fractures in children and adolescent patients. Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, the treatment records of patients with mandibular condyle fractures receiving a functional orthodontic treatment (FOT) were evaluated. In addition to the clinical and functional findings, magnetic resonance images of the mandibular condyles and surrounding structures were assessed. Results: Out of 61 patients, 8 met the inclusion criteria. The follow-up examination records showed no functional limitations. In 75% of cases, mild midline deviations persisted (mean 1.1 mm) without significant alterations to the occlusal relationships. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the remodeling of the condyles and the restitution of the ramus heights, even in dislocated and displaced fractures. In three cases, a partial displacement of the articular disc was observed at the follow-up. No differences in the remodeling patterns were noted depending on age, sex, or fracture location. Conclusions: A FOT led to favorable functional and morphologic outcomes, supporting the concept of a conservative functional approach in children and adolescent patients. Functional adjunctive therapy should be considered in the conservative treatment of mandibular condyle fractures in growing patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Temporomandibular Joint Imaging)
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Review

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19 pages, 4588 KiB  
Review
Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacements in Class II Malocclusion and Cervical Spine Alterations: Systematic Review and Report of a Hypodivergent Case with MRI Bone and Soft Tissue Changes
by Oana Almășan, Andreea Kui, Ioana Duncea, Avram Manea and Smaranda Buduru
Life 2022, 12(6), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060908 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2952
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to perform a literature review related to disk displacement (DD) in class II malocclusion or cervical vertebrae position alterations and to report a hypodivergent case with cervical pain and right anterolateral DD with reduction, left anterolateral DD with [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study aimed to perform a literature review related to disk displacement (DD) in class II malocclusion or cervical vertebrae position alterations and to report a hypodivergent case with cervical pain and right anterolateral DD with reduction, left anterolateral DD with reduction, and left joint effusion. (2) Methods: A structured electronic search was conducted between March 2022 and April 2022, without time limits, following PRISMA guidelines, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane; the terms “disc displacement”, “disk displacement”, “temporomandibular joint”, “class II malocclusion” and “cervical vertebrae” are searched. (3) Results: the following thirteen publications are included in this review: two prospective studies and eleven cross-sectional studies; for evaluating disk position, eight included publications used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whilst six studies used lateral cephalogram to determine craniofacial morphology and relationships between the cranial base, vertical skeletal pattern, maxilla and mandible. (4) Conclusions: although the literature still shows contradictory opinions, a relationship between temporomandibular disorders and cervical posture has been shown in the presented case as well as in the literature review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Temporomandibular Joint Imaging)
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Other

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9 pages, 11713 KiB  
Case Report
Trifid Mandibular Condyle: Case Report and Current Review of the Literature
by Nour Zoabi, Lazar Kats, Alon Ram and Alona Emodi-Perlman
Life 2022, 12(7), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070976 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2763
Abstract
Trifid mandibular condyle (TMC) is a rare anatomical variation characterized by the duplication of the mandibular condyle. The aim of this study is to report a new case of a 26-year-old female patient with a left TMC and to review the current existing [...] Read more.
Trifid mandibular condyle (TMC) is a rare anatomical variation characterized by the duplication of the mandibular condyle. The aim of this study is to report a new case of a 26-year-old female patient with a left TMC and to review the current existing literature on TMC, the relevant cases, etiology, symptoms and different treatment modalities. The database engines PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane and CINAHL were searched for TMC cases from inception until April of 2022. Only 13 previous cases of TMC were found. Although it is a rare anatomical entity, TMC is increasingly being detected due to more advanced imaging techniques, especially computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emerging in the field of dentistry. The etiology and pathogenesis of TMC and its relationship with TMD are still unclear. Further studies and follow-up may help to better understand this anatomic variant and possible interactions with local pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Temporomandibular Joint Imaging)
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