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Lubricants
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Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology
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Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 6204

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zhenpeng He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
Interests: mechanical tribology; structural dynamics; rotor nonlinear dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a critical industrial technologies, mechanical friction and surface technologies have been widely applied in many fields. They not only have a significant impact on the performance and quality of materials but also have profound effects on the environment and ecology. Therefore, this Special Issue will focus on the latest research results regarding the cutting-edge technologies in these fields, providing insights to readers and promoting the progress of industrial technology.

This Special Issue will focus on three primary research topics, namely, lubrication and sealing technology, tribology research, and surface technology, all of which include the consideration of lubrication mechanisms, lubrication cavities, sealing mechanisms, lubrication performance evaluation, sealing performance evaluation, friction failure, friction wear, friction pair optimization design, friction testing, contact modeling, surface micromachining, surface modification, surface textures, surface coating, roughness modeling, and other key technologies. We welcome submissions of all kinds, and we believe that your research findings and technological applications will ensure that the content of this Special Issue is as exciting as possible. We will do our best to provide you with the highest quality editing and publishing services, helping your research results to be disseminated more widely.

We hope to collaborate with other like-minded researchers to promote the development of mechanical friction and surface technology and contribute to the progress of human society.

Dr. Zhenpeng He
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lubrication and sealing technology
  • tribology research
  • surface technology
  • roughness modeling
  • surface texture

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 32625 KiB  
Article
Numerical Optimization Analysis of Floating Ring Seal Performance Based on Surface Texture
by Zhenpeng He, Yuhang Guo, Jiaxin Si, Ning Li, Lanhao Jia, Yuchen Zou and Hongyu Wang
Lubricants 2024, 12(7), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12070241 - 3 Jul 2024
Viewed by 420
Abstract
Much research and practical experience have shown that the utilization of textures has an enhancing effect on the performance of dynamic seals and the dynamic pressure lubrication of gas bearings. In order to optimize the performance of floating ring seals, this study systematically [...] Read more.
Much research and practical experience have shown that the utilization of textures has an enhancing effect on the performance of dynamic seals and the dynamic pressure lubrication of gas bearings. In order to optimize the performance of floating ring seals, this study systematically analyzes the effects of different texture shapes and their parameters. The Reynolds equation of the gas is solved by the successive over-relaxation (SOR) iteration method. The pressure and thickness distributions of the seal gas film are solved to derive the floating force, end leakage, friction, and the ratio of buoyancy to leakage within the seal. The effects of various texture shapes, including square, 2:1 rectangle, triangle, hexagon, and circle, as well as their parameters, such as texture depth, angle, and area share, on the sealing performance are discussed. Results show that the texture can increase the air film buoyancy and reduce friction, but it also increases the leakage by a small amount. Square textures and rectangular textures are relatively effective. The deeper the depth of the texture within a certain range, the better the overall performance of the floating ring seal. As the texture area percentage increases, leakage tends to increase and friction tends to decrease. A fractal roughness model is developed, the effect of surface roughness on sealing performance is briefly discussed, and finally the effect of surface texture with roughness is analyzed. Some texture parameters that can significantly optimize the sealing performance are obtained. Rectangular textures with certain parameters enhance the buoyancy of the air film by 81.2%, which is the most significant enhancement effect. This rectangular texture reduces friction by 25.8% but increases leakage by 79.5%. The triangular textures increase buoyancy by 28.02% and leakage increases by only 10.08% when the rotation speed is 15,000 r/min. The results show that texture with appropriate roughness significantly optimizes the performance of the floating ring seal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology)
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17 pages, 5948 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Fluid–Structural Coupled Analysis of a Mechanical Seal in Extended Loss of AC Power of a Reactor Coolant Pump
by Youngjun Park, Gwanghee Hong, Sanghyun Jun, Jeongmook Choi, Taegyu Kim, Minsoo Kang and Gunhee Jang
Lubricants 2024, 12(6), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12060212 - 10 Jun 2024
Viewed by 463
Abstract
We proposed a numerical method to investigate the thermo-fluid–structural coupled characteristics of a mechanical seal of a reactor coolant pump (RCP), especially during extended loss of AC power (ELAP) operation. We developed a finite element program for the general Reynolds equation, including the [...] Read more.
We proposed a numerical method to investigate the thermo-fluid–structural coupled characteristics of a mechanical seal of a reactor coolant pump (RCP), especially during extended loss of AC power (ELAP) operation. We developed a finite element program for the general Reynolds equation, including the turbulence effect to calculate the pressure, opening force, and leakage rate of fluid lubricant and the two-dimensional energy equation to calculate the temperature distribution of the fluid lubricant. We verified the accuracy of the developed program by comparing the simulated temperature distribution and leakage rate of this study with those of previous research. Heat conduction and elastic deformation due to pressure and temperature changes at the seal structure were analyzed using an ANSYS program. The results showed that temperature more significantly affected the elastic deformation of the seal structure near clearance than pressure both under normal and ELAP operating conditions. High temperature and pressure of the coolant under ELAP operating conditions deform the seal structure, resulting in a much smaller clearance of the fluid film than normal operating condition. However, even with a small clearance under ELAP operation, the leakage rate slightly increases due to the high internal pressure of the coolant. This research will contribute to the development of robust mechanical seals for RCPs by accurately predicting the characteristics of mechanical seals, especially when the RCP is operating under ELAP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology)
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18 pages, 5305 KiB  
Article
Criteria for Evaluating the Tribological Effectiveness of 3D Roughness on Friction Surfaces
by Oleksandr Stelmakh, Hongyu Fu, Serhii Kolienov, Vasyl Kanevskii, Hao Zhang, Chenxing Hu and Valerii Grygoruk
Lubricants 2024, 12(6), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12060209 - 9 Jun 2024
Viewed by 495
Abstract
A new technique for finishing the surfaces of friction pairs has been proposed, which, in combination with the original test method, has shown a significant influence of the initial roughness configuration (surface texture) on friction and wear. Two types of finishing processing of [...] Read more.
A new technique for finishing the surfaces of friction pairs has been proposed, which, in combination with the original test method, has shown a significant influence of the initial roughness configuration (surface texture) on friction and wear. Two types of finishing processing of the shaft friction surfaces were compared, and it was found that the friction and wear coefficients differ by more than 2–5 and 2–4 times, respectively. Based on a new methodology for analyzing standard roughness parameters, the tribological efficiency criteria (in the sense of reducing friction and wear) are proposed for the initial state of the friction surface of a radial plane sliding bearing shaft relative to the friction direction, which is consistent with its frictional characteristics. Comparison of the laboratory test results with the surface tribological efficiency criteria showed that these criteria are very promising for controlling existing technologies and optimizing new technologies for friction surface finishing in various friction systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology)
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25 pages, 11409 KiB  
Article
Influence of Polymer Flow on Polypropylene Morphology, Micro-Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Injected Part
by Martin Ovsik, Klara Fucikova, Lukas Manas and Michal Stanek
Lubricants 2024, 12(6), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12060202 - 4 Jun 2024
Viewed by 412
Abstract
This research investigates the micro-mechanical and tribological properties of injection-molded parts made from polypropylene. The tribological properties of polymers are a very interesting area of research. Understanding tribological processes is very crucial. Considering that the mechanical and tribological properties of injected parts are [...] Read more.
This research investigates the micro-mechanical and tribological properties of injection-molded parts made from polypropylene. The tribological properties of polymers are a very interesting area of research. Understanding tribological processes is very crucial. Considering that the mechanical and tribological properties of injected parts are not uniform at various points of the part, this research was conducted to explain the non-homogeneity of properties along the flow path. Non-homogeneity can be influenced by numerous factors, including distance from the gate, mold and melt temperature, injection pressure, crystalline structure, cooling rate, the surface of the mold, and others. The key factor from the micro-mechanical and tribological properties point of view is the polymer morphology (degree of crystallinity and size of the skin and core layers). The morphology is influenced by polymer flow and the injection molding process conditions. Gained results indicate that the indentation method was sufficiently sensitive to capture the changes in polypropylene morphology, which is a key parameter for the resulting micro-mechanical and tribological properties of the part. It was proven that the mechanical and tribological properties are not equal in varying regions of the part. Due to cooling and process parameters, the difference in the indentation modulus in individual measurement points was up to 55%, and the tribological properties, in particular the friction coefficient, showed a difference of up to 20%. The aforementioned results indicate the impact this finding signifies for injection molding technology in technical practice. Tribological properties are a key property of the part surface and, together with micro-mechanical properties, characterize the resistance of the surface to mechanical failure of the plastic part when used in engineering applications. A suitable choice of gate location, finishing method of the cavity surface, and process parameters can ensure the improvement of mechanical and tribological properties in stressed regions of the part. This will increase the stiffness and wear resistance of the surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology)
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13 pages, 2773 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Friction Properties of GI Steel Plates with Various Surface Treatments
by Miroslav Tomáš, Stanislav Németh, Emil Evin, František Hollý, Vladimír Kundracik, Juliy Martyn Kulya and Marek Buber
Lubricants 2024, 12(6), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12060198 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 358
Abstract
This article presents the improved properties of GI (hot-dip galvanized) steel plates in combination with a special permanent surface treatment. The substrate used was hot-dip galvanized deep-drawn steel sheets of grade DX56D + Z. Subsequently, various surface treatments were applied to their surface. [...] Read more.
This article presents the improved properties of GI (hot-dip galvanized) steel plates in combination with a special permanent surface treatment. The substrate used was hot-dip galvanized deep-drawn steel sheets of grade DX56D + Z. Subsequently, various surface treatments were applied to their surface. The coefficient of friction of the metal sheets without surface treatment, with a temporary surface treatment called passivation, and a thin organic coating (TOC) based on hydroxyl resins dissolved in water, Ti and Cr3+ were determined by a cup test. The surface quality and corrosion resistance of all tested samples were also determined by exposing them for up to 288 h in an atmosphere of neutral salt spray. The surface microgeometry parameters Ra, RPc and Rz(I), which have a significant influence on the pressing process itself, were also determined. The TOC deposited on the Zn substrate was the only one to exhibit excellent lubrication and anticorrosion properties, resulting in the lowest surface microgeometry values owing to the uniform and continuous layer of the thin organic coating compared to the GI substrate and passivation surface treatment, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology)
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20 pages, 5539 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Sustainable Production Processes in C45 Steel Machining Using a Confocal Chromatic Sensor
by Jozef Jurko, Katarína Paľová, Peter Michalík and Martin Kondrát
Lubricants 2024, 12(3), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12030099 - 16 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1480
Abstract
Metal machining production faces a myriad of demands encompassing ecology, automation, product control, and cost reduction. Within this framework, an exploration into employing a direct inspection of the machined area within the work zone of a given machine through a confocal chromatic sensor [...] Read more.
Metal machining production faces a myriad of demands encompassing ecology, automation, product control, and cost reduction. Within this framework, an exploration into employing a direct inspection of the machined area within the work zone of a given machine through a confocal chromatic sensor was undertaken. In the turning process, parameters including cutting speed (A), feed (B), depth of cut (C), workpiece length from clamping (D), and cutting edge radius (E) were designated as input variables. Roundness deviation (Rd) and tool face wear (KM) parameters were identified as output factors for assessing process performance. The experimental phase adhered to the Taguchi Orthogonal Array L27. Confirmatory tests revealed that optimizing process parameters according to the Taguchi method could enhance the turning performance of C45 steel. ANOVA results underscored the significant impact of cutting speed (A), feed (B), depth of cut (C), and workpiece length from clamping (D) on turning performance concerning Rd and KM. Furthermore, initial regression models were formulated to forecast roundness variation and tool face wear. The proposed parameters were found to not only influence the machined surface but also affect confocal sensor measurements. Consequently, we advocate for the adoption of these optimal cutting conditions in product production to bolster turning performance when machining C45 steel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology)
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Review

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26 pages, 6357 KiB  
Review
Application and Prospect of Wear Simulation Based on ABAQUS: A Review
by Liang Yan, Linyi Guan, Di Wang and Dingding Xiang
Lubricants 2024, 12(2), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020057 - 16 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
The finite element method(FEM) is a powerful tool for studying friction and wear. Compared to experimental methods, it has outstanding advantages, such as saving financial costs and time. In addition, it has been widely used in friction and wear research. This paper discusses [...] Read more.
The finite element method(FEM) is a powerful tool for studying friction and wear. Compared to experimental methods, it has outstanding advantages, such as saving financial costs and time. In addition, it has been widely used in friction and wear research. This paper discusses the application of the FEM in the study of friction and wear in terms of the finite element modeling methods, factors affecting wear behavior, wear theory, and the practical application of the method. Finally, the latest progress of finite element simulation wear research is summarized, and the future research direction is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Tribology and Surface Technology)
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