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Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Composites
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Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Composites

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 7341

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hao Yi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Interests: 3D printing and additive manufacturing; micro-droplet printing; wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM); selective laser melting (SLM); surface engineering; advanced manufacturing; green manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Huajun Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Interests: advanced manufacturing technology; green manufacturing and equipment; manufacturing system engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Composite materials are new materials created by optimizing the combination of material components with different properties using advanced material preparation techniques. Composite materials can leverage the advantages of various materials and overcome the defects of a single material; thus, they are widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electrical and electronic, biomedical, construction, etc. Simultaneously, the rapid development of composite materials renders it difficult for traditional single manufacturing methods to fulfill the demand of high-precision, rapid, and efficient manufacturing. Additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies provide numerous advantages in composite manufacturing, including high flexibility, high precision, high efficiency, low cost, and customizability. Additive manufacturing facilitates rapid near-net forming of complex-shaped composite parts. As a complement, subtractive manufacturing can further remove excess material and achieve high-precision forming of parts. However, various challenges need to be faced in the process of additive and subtractive manufacturing of composites, such as composite design, manufacturing process, part design, forming mechanism, and part quality, which still need to be continuously explored by colleagues.

Dr. Hao Yi
Prof. Dr. Huajun Cao
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • additive manufacturing
  • subtractive manufacturing
  • composites
  • materials design
  • applications

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 6944 KiB  
Article
Effect of an Adaptive-Density Filling Structure on the Mechanical Properties of FDM Parts with a Variable Cross-Section
by Jian Liu, Zhou Su, Chenyue Wang and Zhuofei Xu
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8746; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248746 - 7 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1477
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique is one of the most popular additive manufacturing techniques. Infill density is a critical factor influencing the mechanical properties of 3D-printed components using the FDM technique. For irregular components with variable cross-sections, to increase their overall mechanical properties [...] Read more.
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique is one of the most popular additive manufacturing techniques. Infill density is a critical factor influencing the mechanical properties of 3D-printed components using the FDM technique. For irregular components with variable cross-sections, to increase their overall mechanical properties while maintaining a lightweight, it is necessary to enhance the local infill density of the thin part while decreasing the infill density of the thick part. However, most current slicing software can only generate a uniform infill throughout one model to be printed and cannot adaptively create a filling structure with a varying infill density according to the dimensional variation of the cross-section. In the present study, to improve the mechanical properties of irregular components with variable cross-sections, an adaptive-density filling structure was proposed, in which Hilbert curve with the same order was used to fill each slice, i.e., the level of the Hilbert curves in each slice is the same, but the side length of the Hilbert curve decreases with the decreasing size of each slice; hence, the infill density of the smaller cross-section is greater than that of the larger cross-section. The ultimate bearing capacity of printed specimens with the adaptive-density filling structure was evaluated by quasi-static compression, three-point bending, and dynamic compression tests, and the printed specimens with uniform filling structure and the same overall infill density were tested for comparison. The results show that the maximum flexural load, the ultimate compression load, and the maximum impact resistance of the printed specimens with the adaptive-density filling structure were increased by 140%, 47%, and 82%, respectively, compared with their counterparts using the uniform filling structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Composites)
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13 pages, 3611 KiB  
Article
Construction of Superhydrophobic Coating on Iron Surface with Enhanced Anti-Corrosion, Anti-Adhesive and Anti-Bacterial Properties
by Wuyifan Zhou, Feng Yang, Ling Yuan, Yangmin Diao, Ou Jiang, Yuan Pu, Yong Zhang, Yong Zhao and Dan Wang
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8634; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238634 - 3 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1694
Abstract
Superhydrophobic coatings on iron surface have a wide application potential in medical instruments, chemical industrial equipment, and house construction. In this work, we developed a multi-functional superhydrophobic coating on iron surface with a high air/water contact angle of 162.3° and a low sliding [...] Read more.
Superhydrophobic coatings on iron surface have a wide application potential in medical instruments, chemical industrial equipment, and house construction. In this work, we developed a multi-functional superhydrophobic coating on iron surface with a high air/water contact angle of 162.3° and a low sliding angle of 2.4°. The construction of superhydrophobic coating involves physical friction processing to fabricate micropatterns and structures, followed by annealing treatment and surface chemical modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluoro-n-octyltrimethoxysilane. The obtained organic–inorganic composite material exhibited considerable optimization potential to anti-condensation performance. The low surface energy of the superhydrophobic coating also leads to poor adhesion of water, dust, and blood platelets, which is beneficial for applications in medical devices. The electrochemical and impedance test results demonstrated that the superhydrophobic surface provided effective corrosion protection for the iron substrate, with an 84.63% increase in corrosion protection efficiency. The experimental results showed that the anti-bacterial ratios reached 90% for E. coli and 85% for S. epidermidis, while the anti-bacterial ratios of ordinary iron were only 8% for E. coli and 15% for S. epidermidis, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Composites)
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16 pages, 16507 KiB  
Article
Study on the Influence of Graphene Content Variation on the Microstructure Evolution and Properties of Laser Additive Manufacturing Nickel-Based/SiC Composite Cladding Layer on Aluminum Alloy Surface
by Fuzhen Sun, Xiaoxu Li, Kaiyuan Zheng, Bo Han, Yan Li, Yong Zang and Ming Pang
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8219; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228219 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1679
Abstract
A Ni25—10% SiC—X% graphene (mass fraction X = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) composite cladding layer was prepared on a 6063 aluminum alloy substrate using laser cladding in order to enhance the comprehensive performance of the aircraft refueling interface. The effect of the graphene [...] Read more.
A Ni25—10% SiC—X% graphene (mass fraction X = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) composite cladding layer was prepared on a 6063 aluminum alloy substrate using laser cladding in order to enhance the comprehensive performance of the aircraft refueling interface. The effect of the graphene content on the organization and properties of nickel-based silicon carbide composite cladding layers was investigated by laser melting. The macroscopic morphology, microstructure, hardness, elemental changes, corrosion and wear resistance of the cladding layer were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, a hardness tester, an X-ray diffractometer, an electrochemical workstation and an M-2000 frictional wear tester. The results indicated that the nickel-based clad layer without graphene incorporation had the worst forming, with a large number of pores and cracks in the cladding layer. Because graphene agglomerated easily, cracks were regenerated when the content of graphene was higher than 0.5%. The material phases of the cladding layer without graphene incorporation were mainly: Al3Ni2, Fe3Si and SiC. Due to the addition of graphene, the clad layer of specimen 2 was refined and a large number of hard phases, such as CrC and Cr23C6, were generated, which led to the increase in the hardness of the clad layer. When the content of graphene was further increased, the number of hard phases such as CrC and Cr23C6 produced in the cladding was relatively reduced due to the agglomeration of graphene, and the hardness of the cladding was reduced. As the impermeability of graphene reduces the diffusion of corrosive media to the substrate, the generation of hard-phase Al3Ni2 in the cladding layer makes the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer increase with the increase in graphene mass fraction. The result is that, when the content of graphene was 0.5%, the overall performance of the clad layer was the best, where its average hardness was increased by 40%, the average coefficient of friction was reduced by 12.7% and the wear rate was reduced by 60%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Composites)
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9 pages, 3932 KiB  
Article
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of an AlCoCrNiFe HEA/WC Reinforcing Particle Composite Coating Prepared by Laser Cladding
by Jiang Huang, Zhikai Zhu, Kaiyue Li, Wenqing Shi, Yang Zhao and Minyi He
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8020; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228020 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1667
Abstract
In this study, an AlCoCrFeNi HEA coating with a 10% mass fraction of WC particles was fabricated on the surface of 316L stainless steel by laser cladding technology. WC powders were formed by the partial or total dissolution of the initial WC particles [...] Read more.
In this study, an AlCoCrFeNi HEA coating with a 10% mass fraction of WC particles was fabricated on the surface of 316L stainless steel by laser cladding technology. WC powders were formed by the partial or total dissolution of the initial WC particles with different sizes in the AlCoCrFeNi HEA coating. Micron WC particles were dispersed in the coating homogeneously, and millimeter WC particles were deposited on the bottom of coating because of their high density. The addition of the WC powers prompted Columnar dendritic and cellular grains, observed in the bottom and top regions of the coating, respectively. Additionally, this led to a higher micro-hardness and better corrosion resistance than that of the pure HEA coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Composites)
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