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Advanced Materials: Process, Properties, and Applications
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Advanced Materials: Process, Properties, and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Simulation and Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2024) | Viewed by 4049

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pradeep Menezes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
Interests: manufacturing; material processing; surface engineering; electrochemical analysis; advanced material structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Eunja Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
Interests: computational materials research; materials for energy and device applications; atomistic modeling and simulations; structure-property relationship: smart lubricants; semiconductors; super hard materials; ceramics; nature materials; energy storage and conversion; carbon nanostructures; cladding material
Merbin John

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
Interests: surface modification techniques; nanocrystalline materials; PEO coatings; solid lubricants; self-lubricating composites; advanced manufacturing; corrosion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce the Special Issue entitled “Advanced Materials: Process, Properties, and Applications.”

This Special Issue will underline the use of advanced materials in different applications such as in the aerospace, automotive, nuclear, and chemical industries.

We welcome review and experimental articles related to various advanced materials from research groups worldwide to encourage the dissemination of scientific knowledge through this open-access journal. It is our pleasure to invite the submission of manuscripts for this Special Issue.

Some of the proposed topics of this Special Issue include:

  • Cermet;
  • High-entropy alloys;
  • Functionally grade materials;
  • Advanced high-strength steels;
  • Nanomaterials and nanocomposites;
  • Self-lubricating materials;
  • MAX phase materials, MXenes.

Dr. Pradeep Menezes
Dr. Eunja Kim
Guest Editors

Merbin John
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cermet
  • high-entropy alloys
  • functional-grade materials
  • advanced high-strength steels
  • nanomaterials and nanocomposites
  • self-lubricating materials
  • MAX phase materials, MXenes
  • additive manufacturing
  • microstructural characterization
  • mechanical properties
  • computational modeling and simulations

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3940 KiB  
Article
Cobalt–Imidazole Complexes: Effect of Anion Nature on Thermochemical Properties
by Olga V. Netskina, Dmitry A. Sukhorukov, Kirill A. Dmitruk, Svetlana A. Mukha, Igor P. Prosvirin, Alena A. Pochtar, Olga A. Bulavchenko, Alexander A. Paletsky, Andrey G. Shmakov, Alexey P. Suknev and Oxana V. Komova
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2911; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122911 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 390
Abstract
A solvent-free method was proposed for the synthesis of hexaimidazolecobalt(II) nitrate and perchlorate complexes—[Co(C3H4N2)6](NO3)2 and [Co(C3H4N2)6](ClO4)2—by adding cobalt salts to [...] Read more.
A solvent-free method was proposed for the synthesis of hexaimidazolecobalt(II) nitrate and perchlorate complexes—[Co(C3H4N2)6](NO3)2 and [Co(C3H4N2)6](ClO4)2—by adding cobalt salts to melted imidazole. The composition, charge state of the metal, and the structure of the resulting complexes were confirmed by elemental analysis, XPS, IR spectroscopy, and XRD. The study of the thermochemical properties of the synthesized complexes showed that [Co(C3H4N2)6](NO3)2 and [Co(C3H4N2)6](ClO4)2 are thermally stable up to 150 and 170 °C, respectively. When the critical temperature of thermal decomposition is reached, oxidative two-stage gasification is observed. In this case, the organic component of the [Co(C3H4N2)6](NO3)2 complex undergoes almost complete gasification to form Co3O4 with a slight admixture of CoO, which makes it attractive as a component of gas-generation compositions, like airbags. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials: Process, Properties, and Applications)
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27 pages, 18429 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Tribological Performance of Self-Lubricating Composite via Hybrid 3D Printing and In Situ Spraying
by Alessandro M. Ralls, Zachary Monette, Ashish K. Kasar and Pradeep L. Menezes
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112601 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 467
Abstract
In this work, a self-lubricating composite was manufactured using a novel hybrid 3D printing/in situ spraying process that involved the printing of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix using fused deposition modeling (FDM), along with the in situ spraying of alumina (Al2 [...] Read more.
In this work, a self-lubricating composite was manufactured using a novel hybrid 3D printing/in situ spraying process that involved the printing of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix using fused deposition modeling (FDM), along with the in situ spraying of alumina (Al2O3) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) reinforcements during 3D printing. The results revealed that the addition of the reinforcement induced an extensive formation of micropores throughout the ABS structure. Under tensile-loading conditions, the mechanical strength and cohesive interlayer bonding of the composites were diminished due to the presence of these micropores. However, under tribological conditions, the presence of the Al2O3 and hBN reinforcement improved the frictional resistance of ABS in extreme loading conditions. This improvement in frictional resistance was attributed to the ability of the Al2O3 reinforcement to support the external tribo-load and the shearing-like ability of hBN reinforcement during sliding. Collectively, this work provides novel insights into the possibility of designing tribologically robust ABS components through the addition of in situ-sprayed ceramic and solid-lubricant reinforcements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials: Process, Properties, and Applications)
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12 pages, 3435 KiB  
Article
Effect of Cold-Rolling Deformation on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a Biocompatible Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Sn-Fe Alloy
by Vasile Dănuț Cojocaru, Alexandru Dan, Nicolae Șerban, Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru, Nicoleta Zărnescu-Ivan and Bogdan Mihai Gălbinașu
Materials 2024, 17(10), 2312; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102312 - 14 May 2024
Viewed by 634
Abstract
The primary focus of the current paper centers on the microstructures and mechanical properties exhibited by a Ti-30Nb-12Zr-5Ta-2Sn-1.25Fe (wt. %) (TNZTSF) alloy that has been produced through an intricate synthesis process comprising cold-crucible induction in levitation, carried out in an atmosphere controlled by [...] Read more.
The primary focus of the current paper centers on the microstructures and mechanical properties exhibited by a Ti-30Nb-12Zr-5Ta-2Sn-1.25Fe (wt. %) (TNZTSF) alloy that has been produced through an intricate synthesis process comprising cold-crucible induction in levitation, carried out in an atmosphere controlled by argon, and cold-rolling deformation (CR), applying systematic adjustments in the total deformation degree (total applied thickness reduction), spanning from 10% to 60%. The microstructural characteristics of the processed specimens were investigated by SEM and XRD techniques, and the mechanical properties by tensile and microhardness testing. The collected data indicate that the TNZTSF alloy’s microstructure, in the as-received condition, consists of a β-Ti phase, which shows polyhedral equiaxed grains with an average grain size close to 82.5 µm. During the cold-deformation processing, the microstructure accommodates the increased applied deformation degree by increasing crystal defects such as sub-grain boundaries, dislocation cells, dislocation lines, and other crystal defects, powerfully affecting the morphological characteristics. The as-received TNZTSF alloy showed both high strength (i.e., ultimate tensile strength close to σUTS = 705.6 MPa) and high ductility (i.e., elongation to fracture close to εf = 11.1%) properties, and the computed β-Ti phase had the lattice parameter a = 3.304(7) Å and the average lattice microstrain ε = 0.101(3)%, which are drastically influenced by the applied cold deformation, increasing the strength properties and decreasing the ductility properties due to the increased crystal defects density. Applying a deformation degree close to 60% leads to an ultimate tensile strength close to σUTS = 1192.1 MPa, an elongation to fracture close to εf = 7.9%, and an elastic modulus close to 54.9 GPa, while the computed β-Ti phase lattice parameter becomes a = 3.302(1) Å. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials: Process, Properties, and Applications)
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16 pages, 51830 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Structural and Mechanical Properties of an Industrial Ti-6246 Alloy below β-Transus Transition Temperature through Thermomechanical Processing
by Mohammed Hayder Ismail Alluaibi, Irina Varvara Balkan, Nicolae Șerban, Ion Cinca, Mariana Lucia Angelescu, Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru, Saleh Sabah Alturaihi and Vasile Dănuț Cojocaru
Materials 2024, 17(5), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051145 - 1 Mar 2024
Viewed by 804
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of hot deformation on commercially available Ti-6246 alloy below its β-transus transition temperature at 900 °C, knowing that the α → β transition temperature of Ti-6246 alloy is about 935 °C. The study systematically applies a [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate the effect of hot deformation on commercially available Ti-6246 alloy below its β-transus transition temperature at 900 °C, knowing that the α → β transition temperature of Ti-6246 alloy is about 935 °C. The study systematically applies a thermomechanical processing cycle, including hot rolling at 900 °C and solution and ageing treatments at various temperatures, to investigate microstructural and mechanical alterations. The solution treatments are performed at temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C, i.e., below and above the β-transus transition temperature, for 9 min, followed by oil quenching. The ageing treatment is performed at 600 °C for 6 h, followed by air quenching. Employing various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, tensile strength and microhardness testing, the research identifies crucial changes in the alloy’s constituent phases and morphology during thermomechanical processing. In solution treatment conditions, it was found that at temperatures of 800 °C and 900 °C, the α′-Ti martensite phase was generated in the primary α-Ti phase according to Burger’s relation, but the recrystallization process was preferred at a temperature of 900 °C, while at a temperature of 1000 °C, the α″-Ti martensite phase was generated in the primary β-Ti phase according to Burger’s relation. The ageing treatment conditions cause the α′-Ti/α″-Ti martensite phases to revert to their α-Ti/β-Ti primary phases. The mechanical properties, in terms of strength and ductility, underwent an important beneficial evolution when applying solution treatment, followed by ageing treatment, which provided an optimal mixture of strength and ductility. This paper provides engineers with the opportunity to understand the mechanical performance of Ti-6246 alloy under applied stresses and to improve its applications by designing highly efficient components, particularly military engine components, ultimately contributing to advances in technology and materials science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials: Process, Properties, and Applications)
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12 pages, 1999 KiB  
Article
MnPc Films Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis at Low Temperatures: Optical, Morphological and Structural Properties
by Anayantzi Luna Zempoalteca, José Álvaro David Hernández de la Luz, Adan Luna Flores, José Alberto Luna López and Alfredo Benítez Lara
Materials 2023, 16(12), 4357; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124357 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1022
Abstract
In this work, we report how manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) films obtained using the ultrasonic spray–pyrolysis technique at 40 °C deposited on glass substrate subjected to thermal annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C. The MnPc films were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, [...] Read more.
In this work, we report how manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) films obtained using the ultrasonic spray–pyrolysis technique at 40 °C deposited on glass substrate subjected to thermal annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C. The MnPc films were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The absorption spectra of the MnPc films were studied in a wavelength range from 200 to 850 nm, where the characteristic bands of a metallic phthalocyanine known as B and Q bands were observed in this range of the spectrum. The optical energy band (Eg) was calculated using the Tauc equation. It was found that, for these MnPc films, the Eg has the values of 4.41, 4.46, and 3.58 eV corresponded to when they were deposited, annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C, respectively. The Raman spectra of the films showed the characteristic vibrational modes of the MnPc films. In the X-Ray diffractograms of these films, the characteristic diffraction peaks of a metallic phthalocyanine are observed, presenting a monoclinic phase. The SEM images of these films were studied in a cross-section obtaining thicknesses of 2 μm for the deposited film and 1.2 μm and 0.3 μm for the annealed films at 100 °C and 120 °C. Additionally, in the SEM images of these films, average particle sizes ranging from 4 to 0.041 µm were obtained. The results agree with those reported in the literature for MnPc films deposited by performing other techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials: Process, Properties, and Applications)
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