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Structures and Weldability of Metallic Materials

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2024) | Viewed by 3780

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nitin Saini

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Guest Editor

Chemicals and Materails Engineering Depeartment, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
Interests: physical metallurgy; welding metallurgy; reliability and life assessments of components; failure analysis

Prof. Dr. Dariusz Fydrych

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Guest Editor

Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: underwater welding; friction stir welding; dissimilar welded joints; diffusible hydrogen; weldability tests
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Prof. Dr. Andrzej Kubit

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Department of Manufacturing and Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powst. Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Interests: refill friction stir spot welding; friction stir welding; thin-walled structures; adhesive joining; fatigue analysis of joints; composites; incremental sheet forming
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The weldability of metallic materials refers to their ability to be welded under the fabrication conditions imposed into a specific, suitably designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service. The melting and resolidifying of alloys during welding eliminates the designed microstructure and reduces the performance of metallic materials. Carbon equivalent limits the weldability and, therefore, performance of the welded structure. The performance of the structure depends on the working conditions of the welded structure and the technical requirements set forth in the design.

This Special Issue welcomes articles covering the weldability and performance of similar and dissimilar metals, including low carbon steels, C-Mn steels, Cr-Mo steels, creep strength enhanced ferritic steels, high strength low alloy steels, stainless steels, Ni-based alloys, high entropy alloys, etc. The latest findings regarding welding repair, weld overlays, and additive manufacturing, with the recent advancements in physical metallurgy, computational thermodynamics, and machine learning approaches, are also welcome.

Dr. Nitin Saini
Prof. Dr. Dariusz Fydrych
Prof. Dr. Andrzej Kubit
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

weldability and characterization of welded components
performance of welded components (including creep, fatigue, creep-fatigue, erosion, and corrosion)
failure analysis of welded joints
hydrogen embrittlement
weld overlays and repair
high entropy alloys
additive manufacturing
numerical analysis of welded components

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 8787 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Formation of Oxides and Sulfides during the Welding Process of S700MC Steel by Using New Electrodes Wires

by Bożena Szczucka-Lasota, Tomasz Węgrzyn and Adam Jurek

Materials 2024, 17(12), 2974; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122974 - 18 Jun 2024

Viewed by 310

Abstract

To receive a high-quality welding structure of high-strength S700MC steel for applications in the automotive industry, newly developed electrode wires with increased silicon and manganese content were used. The strength and structural tests of the obtained joints were performed. In the weld, we identified the beneficial oxides strengthening the joint structure and unfavorable MnS inclusions. The non-metallic inclusions were formed inside the weld. Their arrangement, morphology, and chemical composition is described. A view on the high-temperature mechanisms of the formations included during the welding process with new electrode wires is presented. It was found that the dominant mechanism of the inclusion formation and the temperature of the welding process impact the content and varied morphology of inclusions, thus determining the exploitation time of the welded joints obtained. The obtained MAG joints made S700MC steel, due to the formation mainly of oxide inclusions and a relatively small amount of MnS phase, were characterized by a high value of yield and tensile strength, which makes them a promising solution for the automotive industry, especially against the background of connections from the discussed steel grade presented in the literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structures and Weldability of Metallic Materials)

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18 pages, 15418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Docol 1300M Micro-Jet-Cooled Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches concerning Applications at Cyclic Loading

by Tomasz Węgrzyn, Klaudiusz Gołombek, Bożena Szczucka-Lasota, Tadeusz Szymczak, Bogusław Łazarz and Krzysztof Lukaszkowicz

Materials 2024, 17(12), 2934; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122934 - 15 Jun 2024

Viewed by 346

Abstract

The application of advanced high-strength steel grades (AHSS) in different kinds of industry is connected to more than their attractive mechanical properties. The present paper focuses on improving the welding Docol 1300M steel to reach an acceptable microstructure and mechanical parameters. It was decided to manufacture joints with different welding parameters using different filler materials. The electrode wires were varied to increase the carbon content in the weld, and nitrogen was added to the argon shielding mixture to obtain non-metallic inclusions that strengthen the fusion zone. Specimens of joints welded with the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process for non-destructive and destructive tests were examined. Tensile and bending tests as well as microscopic inspections using a light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were also conducted. The results from the fatigue test confirmed the validity of the proposed welding process for the Docol 1300M joint. The collected data enabled the following conclusion: The article’s novelty is represented by the use of shielding gas mixtures containing argon and nitrogen in the GMAW welding process of AHSS steel to create titanium non-metallic inclusions, which will translate into better performance properties of the entire joint. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structures and Weldability of Metallic Materials)

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11 pages, 18917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Crack-Tip Opening Displacement of Girth Welds in a Lean X70 Pipeline Steel

by Jing Li, Peng Yu, Nitin Saini and Leijun Li

Materials 2024, 17(2), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020391 - 12 Jan 2024

Viewed by 834

Abstract

Crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) tests were conducted on girth welds of two API 5L X70 pipeline steels (pipe A and pipe B) to investigate the influence of base metal composition on the fracture toughness of the joint. CTOD measurements across the weld showed that the weld fusion zone had the lowest CTOD values for both pipes, with pipe B having a higher CTOD value than pipe A. Detailed microstructure characterization of the multi-pass weld showed that the fusion zone in both pipes consisted of three distinct zones: the columnar zone, the coarse equiaxed zone, and the fine equiaxed zone. Both the columnar zone and coarse-grained equiaxed zone had acicular ferrite and grain boundary ferrite microstructures, whereas the fine-grained equiaxed zone had a finer ferrite microstructure compared to the other two zones. The main difference between the two pipes was the variation in ferrite grain sizes and the volume fractions of grain boundary ferrite and acicular ferrite. In comparison to pipe B, pipe A, with a higher concentration of Mo, Ni, and Cu in both the base metal and the weld fusion zones, consisted of a higher volume fraction of grain boundary ferrite and a lower volume fraction of acicular ferrite in the columnar and coarse-grained equiaxed zones. The lower concentration of Mo, Ni, and Cu in pipe B likely resulted in the formation of a predominantly acicular ferrite microstructure in the fusion zone, thereby improving the toughness of the weld joint in comparison to pipe A. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structures and Weldability of Metallic Materials)

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11 pages, 3445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Butt-Welded Joints of Spiral Pipes Made of L485ME (X70) Steel

by Lechosław Tuz

Materials 2023, 16(19), 6557; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196557 - 5 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 971

Abstract

The expansion of the gas pipeline network makes it necessary, on the one hand, to meet the requirements of standards regarding the materials used, but on the other hand, it is necessary to weld them. In the case of natural gas as a fuel, the welding process is widely used, but in the case of replacing natural gas with a mixture of this gas and hydrogen, the requirements regarding the quality of the process must be significantly increased or the process must be completely changed. This article presents the results of testing welded joints for a newly developed welding technology for the transmission of a hydrogen mixture. Material tests were carried out on a butt-circumferential-welded joint made between two spiral pipes with an outer diameter of 711 mm and wall thickness of 11 mm in the X70 grade. The developed welding technology is distinguished by a change in the beveling method of the edges, which allows the heat input to the material to be limited. The technology was developed for use in natural on-shore and off-shore gas pipelines with the addition of hydrogen. As a result, additional requirements in terms of joint plasticity had to be met during welding. The test results obtained indicate that the joints are characterized by high strength (more than 581 MPa), higher than that of the base material (fracture in the base material) and good impact strength at reduced temperature (more than 129 J). In transverse corrosion, a hardness below 250 HV and a favorable structure of ferrite with different morphologies were obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structures and Weldability of Metallic Materials)

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17 pages, 17061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Temperature Tensile Behaviour of GTAW Joints of P92 Steel and Alloy 617 for Two Different Fillers

by Amit Kumar, Sachin Sirohi, Shailesh Mani Pandey, Pradeep Kumar, Dariusz Fydrych and Chandan Pandey

Materials 2023, 16(17), 5880; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175880 - 28 Aug 2023

Viewed by 835

Abstract

This study explores the high-temperature (HT) tensile rupture characteristics of a dissimilar gas-tungsten-arc-welded (GTAW) joint between P92 steel and Alloy 617, fabricated using ER62S-B9 and ERNiCrCoMo-1 fillers. The high-temperature tensile tests were performed at elevated temperatures of 550 °C and 650 °C. An optical microscope (OM) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were utilized to characterize the joint. The high-temperature test results indicated that the specimen failed at the P92 base metal/intercritical heat-affected zone (ICHAZ) rather than the weld metal for the ERNiCrCoMo-1(IN617) filler. This finding confirmed the suitability of the joint for use in the Indian advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) program. The fracture surface morphology and presence of precipitates were analysed using an SEM equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The appearance of the dimples and voids confirmed that both welded fillers underwent ductile–dominant fracture. EDS analysis revealed the presence of Cr-rich M₂₃C₆ phases, which was confirmed on the fracture surface of the ER62S-B9 weld (P92-weld). The hardness plot was analysed both in the as-welded condition and after the fracture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structures and Weldability of Metallic Materials)

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