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Nanocatalysts for Current and Emerging Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalytic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 4572

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucarest-Magurele, Romania
Interests: catalysis; nanomaterials; energy storage; organometallics; oxidation reactions
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern synthetic chemistry has recently undergone a tremendous expansion, due in great part to the introduction of nano-sized catalysts in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. While heterogeneous catalysts dominated the first half of the previous century, covering applications from ammonia synthesis and oxidation to olefin polymerization, it was only after pioneering work by the adepts in surface science and, later, computational chemistry that we eventually gained a better understanding of the catalytic reactions’ characteristics, active species and implications. The important findings of the likes of P. Sabatier (1912) or K. Ziegler and G. Natta (1956) provided powerful motivation for an investigation into nanoscale materials since high reactivity was foreseen and confirmed for such active species (metals, supported metals, etc.). The anticipation of proper catalytic center design, characterization, and use in specific reactions has met the high expectations of tackling the currently high demand for renewable and clean energy, making research in the catalysis field an intriguing area of research with effective impact on theoretical chemistry and industrial applications alike. The design and development of active catalysts, proper identification of active sites, and their 3-D environment during the catalytic cycle, complemented by rigorous surface characterization of the catalytic species will push the field to even greater heights while complying with environmental regulations and opening the door to new synthetic possibilities.  

Dr. Cezar Comanescu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • catalysis
  • oxidation
  • nanostructures
  • nanoporous materials
  • selective catalyst
  • heterogeneous catalyst
  • green energy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3270 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Thin Films as Potential Optical Absorbers for Efficient Multi-Functional Opto-(Electronic) and Solar Cell Applications
by Mohamed H. El-Newehy, Ahmed M. El-Mahalawy, Badr M. Thamer and Meera Moydeen Abdul Hameed
Materials 2023, 16(9), 3475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093475 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
The necessity for reliable and efficient multifunctional optical and optoelectronic devices is always calling for the exploration of new fertile materials for this purpose. This study leverages the exploitation of dyed environmentally friendly biopolymeric thin films as a potential optical absorber in the [...] Read more.
The necessity for reliable and efficient multifunctional optical and optoelectronic devices is always calling for the exploration of new fertile materials for this purpose. This study leverages the exploitation of dyed environmentally friendly biopolymeric thin films as a potential optical absorber in the development of multifunctional opto-(electronic) and solar cell applications. Uniform, stable thin films of dyed chitosan were prepared using a spin-coating approach. The molecular interactivity between the chitosan matrix and all the additive organic dyes was evaluated using FTIR measurements. The color variations were assessed using chromaticity (CIE) measurements. The optical properties of films were inspected using the measured UV-vis-NIR transmission and reflection spectra. The values of the energy gap and Urbach energy as well as the electronic parameters and nonlinear optical parameters of films were estimated. The prepared films were exploited for laser shielding as an attenuated laser cut-off material. In addition, the performance of the prepared thin films as an absorbing organic layer with silicon in an organic/inorganic heterojunction architecture for photosensing and solar energy conversion applicability was studied. The current-voltage relation under dark and illumination declared the suitability of this architecture in terms of responsivity and specific detectivity values for efficient light sensing applications. The suitability of such films for solar cell fabrications is due to some dyed films achieving open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current values, where Saf-dyed films achieved the highest Voc (302 mV) while MV-dyed films achieved the highest Jsc (0.005 mA/cm2). Finally, based on all the obtained characterization results, the engineered natural cost-effective dyed films are considered potential active materials for a wide range of optical and optoelectronic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocatalysts for Current and Emerging Applications)
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12 pages, 4522 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Nickel and Cobalt Ferrite-Doped Graphene as Efficient Catalysts for Improving the Hydrogen Storage Kinetics of Lithium Borohydride
by Petru Palade, Cezar Comanescu and Cristian Radu
Materials 2023, 16(1), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010427 - 2 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2257
Abstract
Featuring a high hydrogen storage content of up to 20 wt%, complex metal borohydrides remain promising solid state hydrogen storage materials, with the real prospect of reversible behavior for a zero–emission economy. However, the thermodynamic barriers and sluggish kinetics are still barriers to [...] Read more.
Featuring a high hydrogen storage content of up to 20 wt%, complex metal borohydrides remain promising solid state hydrogen storage materials, with the real prospect of reversible behavior for a zero–emission economy. However, the thermodynamic barriers and sluggish kinetics are still barriers to overcome. In this context, nanoconfinement has provided a reliable method to improve the behavior of hydrogen storage materials. The present work describes the thermodynamic and kinetic enhancements of LiBH4 nanoconfined in MFe2O4 (M=Co, Ni) ferrite-catalyzed graphene host. Composites of LiBH4-catalysts were prepared by melt infiltration and investigated by X-ray diffraction, TEM, STEM-EDS and TPD. The role of ferrite additives, metal precursor treatment (Ar, Ar/H2) and the effect on hydrogen storage parameters are discussed. The thermodynamic parameters for the most promising composite LiBH4-graphene-NiFe2O4 (Ar) were investigated by Kissinger plot method, revealing an EA = 127 kJ/mol, significantly lower than that of neat LiBH4 (170 kJ/mol). The reversible H2 content of LiBH4-graphene-NiFe2O4 (Ar) after 5 a/d cycles was ~6.14 wt%, in line with DOE’s target of 5.5 wt% storage capacity, while exhibiting the lowest desorption temperature peak of 349 °C. The composites with catalysts treated in Ar have lower desorption temperature due to better catalyst dispersion than using H2/Ar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanocatalysts for Current and Emerging Applications)
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