Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 802

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: antibiotic resistance; microbiology; bacteriology; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most pressing global health challenges of the 21st century. Historically, the discovery and widespread use of antibiotics revolutionized medicine, drastically reducing mortality from infectious diseases. However, the misuse and overuse of these life-saving drugs in human medicine have led to the rapid development of resistant strains of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This resistance threatens to undermine the efficacy of existing antimicrobial agents, making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, and death.

 This Special Issue on "Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance" aims to gather comprehensive research that addresses the multifaceted aspects of AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). It aims to advance understanding of the mechanisms underlying AMR, evaluate the impact of AMR on public health and ecosystems, and explore innovative approaches to AMS. This Special Issue seeks to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and present evidence-based strategies for reducing AMR, promoting the judicious use of antimicrobials, and enhancing infection control measures.

We are particularly interested in cutting-edge research that delves into the molecular mechanisms of resistance, the role of microbial ecology in the spread of resistance genes, and the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Additionally, studies that evaluate the effectiveness of AMS programs in various settings, including hospitals and community healthcare, are highly encouraged. Research on the socioeconomic and policy dimensions of AMR, as well as the integration of new technologies such as genomics, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence in combating AMR, will also be a significant focus of this Special Issue.

We are soliciting a wide range of paper types, including original research articles, comprehensive reviews, case studies, and policy analyses. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

•    Molecular and genetic bases of antimicrobial resistance;
•    Epidemiological studies on the spread of resistant pathogens;
•    Development and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs;
•    Innovative antimicrobial therapies and alternative treatment strategies;
•    Public health interventions and policy frameworks to combat AMR;
•    Technological advancements in AMR detection and monitoring;
•    Multidisciplinary approaches to understanding and mitigating AMR.

Dr. Jens Bo Andersen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • infectious diseases
  • public health
  • antibiotic use
  • microbial ecology
  • one health
  • resistance mechanisms
  • healthcare epidemiology
  • policy and regulation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1156 KiB  
Article
Predominance of blaNDM- and blaIMP-Harboring Escherichia coli Belonging to Clonal Complexes 131 and 23 in a Major University Hospital
by Muhammad Shafiq, Iftikhar Ahmed, Muhammad Saeed, Abdul Malik, Sabiha Fatima, Suhail Akhtar, Mohsin Khurshid and Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder
Medicina 2024, 60(9), 1528; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091528 - 19 Sep 2024
Viewed by 407
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Carbapenem resistance is a growing global challenge for healthcare, and, therefore, monitoring its prevalence and patterns is crucial for implementing targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on patient outcomes and public health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Carbapenem resistance is a growing global challenge for healthcare, and, therefore, monitoring its prevalence and patterns is crucial for implementing targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on patient outcomes and public health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains in the largest tertiary care hospital of the capital territory of Pakistan and to characterize the isolates for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Additionally, the most prevalent sequence types were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A total of 15,467 clinical samples were collected from November 2020 to May 2022, underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes through conventional PCR and sequence typing using MLST. Results: In carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CR-EC), 74.19% of isolates harbored the blaNDM gene, with blaNDM-1 (66.96%), blaNDM-5 (12.17%), and blaNDM-7 (20.87%) variants detected. Additionally, blaIMP was found in 25.81% and blaOXA-48 in 35.48% of isolates. The presence of blaCTX-M15 and blaTEM was identified in 83.87% and 73.55% of CR-EC isolates, respectively, while armA and rmtB were detected in 40% and 65.16% of isolates, respectively. Colistin and tigecycline were the most effective drugs against CR-EC isolates, with both showing an MIC50 of 0.5 µg/mL. The MIC90 for colistin was 1 µg/mL, while for tigecycline, it was 2 µg/mL. MLST analysis revealed that the CR-EC isolates belonged to ST131 (24.52%), ST2279 (23.87%), ST3499 (16.13%), ST8051 (15.48%), ST8900 (9.68%), ST3329 (7.10%), ST88 (1.94%), and ST6293 (1.29%). The ST131 complex (70.97%) was the most prevalent, harboring 95.65% of the blaNDM gene, while the ST23 complex (18.06%) harbored 62.50% of the blaIMP gene. Conclusions: Implementing large-scale surveillance studies to monitor the spread of specific pathogens, along with active infection control policies, is crucial for the effective containment and prevention of future epidemics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance)
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