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Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries

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A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Medicine and Sports Traumatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 August 2022) | Viewed by 53655

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Álvaro López Samanes

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Guest Editor

School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
Interests: racket sports; circadian rhythms; sports nutrition; injury risk factors; intermittent sports

Dr. Victor Moreno-Pérez

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Guest Editor

Traslational Research Centre of Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University , Alicante, Spain
Interests: injury risk factors intermittent sports; groin; shoulder; training load; ankle

Dr. Raul Domínguez Herrera

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Guest Editor

1. Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
2. Studies Research Group in Neuromuscular Responses (GEPREN), University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
Interests: sports nutrition; muscle function; cardiorespiratory responses; ergogenic aids; diet
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past decades, the professionalization of sports competition has been accompanied by an increasing training volume and early specialization. As a consequence, associated sports injuries have received much attention, mainly for the possible short- and long-term consequences for athletes’ health, as well as the economic consequences that these injuries represent for sports clubs/federations. Thus, scientific research involving sports injury prevention programs has been strongly promoted in the last years, leading scientific experts to explore the injury risk factors and mechanisms that could provoke these injuries, and to develop strategies with the aim of reducing them

This Special Issue seeks to provide new scientific evidence of risk factors and injury mechanisms in sports injuries and their effects on athletic performance. As chief editor of this Issue titled “Risk Factors and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries”, I would like to make a call for original research articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses considering the effects of risk factors and injury mechanisms, and their effects on sports performance.

Dr. Álvaro López Samanes
Dr. Victor Moreno-Pérez
Dr. Raul Domínguez Herrera
Guest Editors

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Keywords

risk factors
epidemiology
injury risk
return to play strategies
sports

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 939 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Traditional and Additional Isokinetic Knee Strength Assessments of Athletes; Post-Operative Results of Hamstring Autograft ACL Reconstruction

by Ahmet Serhat Genç and Nizamettin Güzel

Medicina 2022, 58(9), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091187 - 31 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1993

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common injuries in athletes, and, accordingly, ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most common orthopedic surgical procedures performed on athletes. This study aims to compare the 6-month post-operative isokinetic knee strength evaluations of the semitendinous/gracilis (ST/G) ACLR technique performed on healthy (HK) and ACLR knees of athletes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of 29 athletes from various sports branches who underwent ST/G ACLR technique by the same surgeon were evaluated. The isokinetic knee extension (Ex) and flexion (Flx) strength of the patients on the HK and ACLR sides were evaluated with a series consisting of three different angular velocities (60, 180, and 240°/s). In addition to the traditional evaluations of peak torque (PT) and hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) parameters, the findings were also evaluated with additional parameters such as the joint angle at peak torque (JAPT), time to peak torque (TPT), and reciprocal delay (RD). Results: There was a significant improvement in the mean Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores after surgery compared with preoperative levels (p < 0.05). As for the isokinetic PT values, there were significant differences in favor of HK in the 60°/s Flx, 180°, and 240°/s Ex phases (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the 60° and 180°/s Flx phases in RD (p < 0.05). In H/Q ratio, TPT, and JAPT values, no significant difference was observed between HK and ACLR at all angular velocities. Conclusions: The findings showed that the ST/G 6-month post-operative isokinetic knee strength in athletes produced high results in HK, and, when evaluated in terms of returning to sports, the H/Q ratios on the ACLR side were sufficient to make the decision to return to sports. It was found that the ACLR side was slower than the HK side in the reciprocal transitions, particularly in the Flx phase. We believe that this results from the deformation of the hamstring muscle after reconstruction of the ST/G ACLR side. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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9 pages, 609 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pattern of the Lesions Caused by Knee Overuse in the Pediatric Population

by Goran Djuricic, Djordje Milojkovic, Jovana Mijucic, Sinisa Ducic, Bojan Bukva, Marko Radulovic, Nina Rajovic, Petar Milcanovic and Natasa Milic

Medicina 2022, 58(8), 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081107 - 16 Aug 2022

Viewed by 2170

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Excessive use of the knee in patients with immature locomotor systems leads to a whole spectrum of morphological changes with possible consequences in adulthood. This study aimed to examine the morphological pattern in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is associated with recurrent pain due to increased physical activity in children. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted among pediatric patients treated at the University Children’s Hospital in Belgrade in 2018 and 2019. MRI findings of patients who reported recurrent pain in the knee joint during physical activity and who were without any pathological findings on both clinical examination and knee radiographs were included in the study. Results: MRI findings of 168 patients (73 boys and 95 girls, mean age 14.07 ± 3.34 years) were assessed. Meniscus and cartilage lesions were the most commonly detected morphological findings: meniscus lesions in 49.4%, cartilage ruptures in 44.6%, and cartilage edema in 26.2% of patients. The medial meniscus was more often injured in girls (p = 0.030), while boys were more prone to other joint injuries (p = 0.016), re-injury of the same joint (p = 0.036), bone bruises (p < 0.001), and ligament injuries (p = 0.001). In children older than 15 years, tibial plateau cartilage edema (p = 0.016), chondromalacia patellae (p = 0.005), and retropatellar effusion (p = 0.011) were detected more frequently compared to younger children. Conclusions: Children reporting recurrent knee pain due to increased physical activity, without any detected pathological findings on clinical examination and knee radiography, may have morphological changes that can be detected on MRI. Timely diagnosis of joint lesions should play a significant role in preventing permanent joint dysfunction in the pediatric population as well as in preventing the development of musculoskeletal diseases in adulthood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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9 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anterior-Posterior and Inter-Limb Lower Body Strength Asymmetry in Soccer, Basketball, Futsal, and Volleyball Players

by Koulla Parpa and Marcos Michaelides

Medicina 2022, 58(8), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081080 - 10 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2389

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine strength asymmetries in elite athletes of different sports and (2) to examine the magnitude of asymmetries between elite and u18 athletes. Materials and Methods: A total of 254 athletes participated in this study. For the first purpose of the study, the group consisted of adult professional male basketball players (n = 30), elite male (n = 30) and female soccer players (n = 20), male futsal players (n = 30), elite male goalkeepers (n = 22), and professional female volleyball players (n = 20). For the second purpose, male youth goalkeepers (n = 22), youth female (n = 20) and male soccer players (n = 30), and youth male basketball players (n = 30) were compared to the adult athletes of the same sport. Asymmetries were measured utilizing a Humac Norm and Rehabilitation device. Testing included three maximal concentric flexion and extension repetitions at an angular speed of 60°/s. The differences in asymmetries were assessed using ANOVA followed by an LS means post-hoc analysis. An independent samples t-test was used to identify the differences between adult and youth players. Results: It was indicated that none of the groups demonstrated asymmetries greater than 10%, other than the elite female soccer players and female volleyball players. Significant differences were demonstrated between youth and adult soccer players (males and females), with the adult groups demonstrating increased asymmetries. Conclusions: Special consideration should be given to female soccer players and volleyball players, as soccer and volleyball practice and competition at the professional level may induce greater lower -limb asymmetries. The isokinetic parameters can be useful for planning strength and conditioning interventions in order to reduce or prevent those imbalances. Additional unilateral and bilateral jumping testing is encouraged for the verification of imbalances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

12 pages, 709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

(Low) Energy Availability and Its Association with Injury Occurrence in Competitive Dance: Cross-Sectional Analysis in Female Dancers

by Dasa Prus, Dragan Mijatovic, Vedran Hadzic, Daria Ostojic, Sime Versic, Natasa Zenic, Tatjana Jezdimirovic, Patrik Drid and Petra Zaletel

Medicina 2022, 58(7), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070853 - 26 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2926

Abstract

Background and objectives: The risk of low energy availability is related to various health problems in sports. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify a possible association between various dance factors, anthropometrics/body build, and energy availability with injury occurrence in contemporary dancers. Materials and Methods: The participants were 50 female competitive dancers (19.8 ± 4.1 years of age). The independent variables included age, dance factors (amount of training and competitions per week–exposure time, experience in dance), anthropometrics/body composition (body height, mass, BMI, body fat percentage (BF%), and fat-free mass (FFM)), and energy availability score (EAS; evaluated by accelerometer-based measurement of energy expenditure and Dance Energy Availability Questionnaires). The dependent variables were the occurrence of (i) soft-tissue injuries and (ii) bone injuries. The measurements were obtained by experienced technicians during the pre-competition period for each specific dance discipline. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were calculated to identify the associations between independent variables and injury prevalence. Results: The results showed that EAS (OR = 0.81, 95% CI:0.65–0.91), age (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.1–2.46), higher BF% (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04–1.46) and BMI (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.05–2.47) were correlated with soft-tissue injuries. Dancers who suffered from bone injuries reported higher exposure time (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.37) and had lower values of FFM (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98). Multivariate regression analyses evidenced a higher likelihood of soft-tissue injuries in older dancers (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.21–2.95) and the ones who had lower EAS (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.95) while the exposure time was associated with a higher likelihood of bone injuries (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.39). Conclusions: In order to decrease the injury prevalence among dancers, special attention should be paid to maintaining adequate nutrition that will provide optimal available energy for the demands of training and performing. Additionally, the control of training volume should be considered in order to reduce traumatic bone injuries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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9 pages, 766 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biomechanics of Double Poling in Paralympic Cross-Country Skiing—A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing the Standing and Sitting Positions in Healthy Male Subjects

by Junpei Sasadai, Noriaki Maeda, Masanori Morikawa, Makoto Komiya, Reia Shimizu, Kazuki Fukui, Mitsuhiro Yoshimi, Yoshifumi Kono and Yukio Urabe

Medicina 2022, 58(2), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020201 - 28 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3450

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Double poling is an important fundamental skill required for cross-country skiing in able-bodied athletes and in those with physical disabilities. Meanwhile, the performance improvement and injury prevention related to double poling requires a thorough assessment, whereas the scapular and shoulder kinematics in different postural conditions remain to be clarified. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanics during cross-country ski double poling in the standing and sitting positions. Materials and Methods: Eleven participants underwent kinematic assessments of the shoulder girdle during double poling on a ski ergometer with an electromagnetic tracking device. The cycle rate, stroke length, stroke speed, thorax motion relative to pelvis, scapular motions relative to thorax, humeral motions relative to thorax, and humeral motions relative to scapula were calculated for five double-poling cycles. Results: In the sitting position, the angles of humerothoracic elevation were 18 degrees larger and glenohumeral elevation 13 degrees larger than in the standing position at the upward point and range of motion. Conclusions: The study revealed that double poling in the sitting condition increased the humerothoracic and glenohumeral elevation angle to secure the poling margin. If these are excessive, there is a risk of shoulder injuries such as subacromial impingement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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10 pages, 542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scapular Dyskinesis in Elite Boxers with Neck Disability and Shoulder Malfunction

by Jae Woo Jung and Young Kyun Kim

Medicina 2021, 57(12), 1347; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121347 - 9 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 10312

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Neck and shoulder injuries commonly occur during boxing, and scapular dyskinesis is related to those injuries. This study investigated scapular dyskinesis with neck disability and shoulder malfunction in elite boxers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two elite boxers participated in this study. Scapular dyskinesis was evaluated as normal, subtle, and obvious. Neck disability index (NDI), shoulder internal (IR), and external (ER) range of motion (ROM), isometric strength of IR and ER, and pectoralis minor length were measured and compared with the severity of scapular dyskinesis. Results: Thirty-eight boxers (52.7%) showed scapular dyskinesis. NDI score was significantly different (normal = 3.89 ± 3.08, obvious = 7.36 ± 4.95, p = 0.025). Isometric IR strength was significantly different (normal = 10.48 ± 2.86, obvious = 8.46 ± 1.74, p = 0.01). The length of the pectoralis minor was significantly different (normal = 10.17 ± 0.67, subtle = 9.87 ± 0.79, obvious = 9.47 ± 0.85; p = 0.001), and the dominant and non-dominant arm IR ROM was significantly different (dominant = 57.43 ± 11.98, non-dominant = 64.62 ± 10.3, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of scapular dyskinesis is high among elite boxers. Boxers with scapular dyskinesis presented shoulder malfunction as well as neck disability. Further investigation is necessary to examine the relationship between scapular dyskinesis and neck disability in boxers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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16 pages, 1510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long Term Clinical–Functional and Ultrasound Outcomes in Recreational Athletes after Achilles Tendon Rupture: Ma and Griffith versus Tenolig

by Carlo Biz, Mariachiara Cerchiaro, Elisa Belluzzi, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Giacomo De Guttry and Pietro Ruggieri

Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101073 - 8 Oct 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2746

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the long-term clinical–functional and ultrasound outcomes of recreational athletes treated with two percutaneous techniques: Ma and Griffith (M&G) and the Tenolig technique (TT). Materials and Methods: recreational athletes, between 18 and 50 years of age, affected by acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR), treated by M&G or Tenolig techniques were recruited. Clinical–functional outcomes were evaluated using Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS), AOFAS Ankle–Hindfoot score, VAS (for pain and satisfaction) questionnaires, and ultrasound analysis (focal thickening, hypoechoic areas, presence of calcifications, tendinitis and alteration of normal fibrillar architecture). Results: 90 patients were included: 50 treated by M&G, 40 by TT. In all, 90% of patients resumed sports activities, with pre-injury levels in 56% of cases after M&G and in 60% after TT. In the M&G group, the averages of the questionnaires were ATRS 90.70 points, AOFAS 91.03, VAS satisfaction 7.08, and VAS pain 1.58. In the TT group: ATRS 90.38 points, AOFAS 90.28, VAS satisfaction 7.76, and VAS pain 1.34. The TT group showed a significantly higher satisfaction and return to sport activities within a shorter time. In the M&G group, ultrasound check showed a significantly greater incidence of thickening and an alteration of fibrillar architecture in the treated tendon. Three infections were reported, including one deep after M&G, two superficial in the TT group, and two re-ruptures in the Tenolig group following a further trauma. Conclusions: At long-term follow-up, M&G and TT are both valid techniques for the treatment of AATRs in recreational athletes, achieving comparable clinical–functional results. However, TT seems to have a higher patient satisfaction rate, a faster return to sports and physical activities, and fewer ultrasound signs of tendinitis. Finally, the cost of the device makes this technique more expensive. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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Review

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12 pages, 1444 KiB

Open AccessReview

Whole-Body Vibration Effects on Flexibility in Artistic Gymnastics—A Systematic Review

by Dušan Đorđević, Miloš Paunović, Dražen Čular, Tomislav Vlahović, Miljenko Franić, Dubravka Sajković, Tadija Petrović and Goran Sporiš

Medicina 2022, 58(5), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050595 - 26 Apr 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4195

Abstract

It is well documented that whole body-vibration training has effects on muscle strength and flexibility, blood circulation, decreases pain perception and strengthens bone and tendon. Although whole body-vibration has benefits in athletes’ flexibility, we are not sure what its actual effects are in artistic gymnastics (since they already have stunning flexibility). Hence, the aim of this study was to analyse the studies on whole-body vibration in artistic gymnastics and to present the effects on flexibility. The search and analysis were carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The databases search (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost and Science Direct) yielded 18,057 potential studies. By the given inclusion criteria (studies from 2005 to 2022; full-text published in English; the study included male and female gymnasts as samples, and that participants were tested for evaluation of flexibility by whole-body vibration method), a total of 9 full-text studies were included, with a total of 210 participants, both male and female. As far as the measured flexibility tests conducted, front split, sit and reach and bridge were evaluated, while obtained results were 9.1–39.1%, 2.79–6.7%, 6.43–7.45%, respectively. All studies have conducted same vibration frequency (30 Hz) with same amplitude of displacements (2 mm), except for the one study who did not show the information of implemented amplitude. After analysing the obtained results, it can be concluded that the usage of whole-body vibration platform shows flexibility improvements in artistic gymnasts, both male and female. In addition, a combination of whole-body vibration and traditional static stretching may enhance the flexibility in artistic gymnasts. However, these results should be taken with caution. Since this review did not reveal the optimal vibrational protocol, it is necessary to invest time during the implementation of various vibrational experimental protocols, so future research is required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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15 pages, 502 KiB

Open AccessReview

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Table-Tennis-Related Injuries: Findings from a Scoping Review of the Literature

by Carlo Biz, Luca Puce, Maamer Slimani, Paul Salamh, Wissem Dhahbi, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi and Pietro Ruggieri

Medicina 2022, 58(5), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050572 - 21 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4571

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Table tennis represents one of the fastest ball games in the world and, as such, is characterized by unique physiological demands. Despite its popularity, there is a dearth of data related to table-tennis-related risk factors and injuries. Therefore, the present review was conducted to fill in this gap of knowledge. Material and Methods: The present review was designed as a scoping review. Eleven online databases were searched with no language/date limitations. Results: Forty-two investigations were retained in the present review. These studies indicated that tenosynovitis, benign muscle injuries, strains, and sprains were the most common injury types. In order, the most commonly affected anatomical regions were the lower limb, shoulder, spine, knee, upper limb, and trunk. When comparing the injury occurrence between training and competition, the results were contradictory. National/international athletes had higher indices of injury than regional players, even though other investigations failed to replicate such findings. According to some scholars, there was a difference between female and male athletes: in females, more injuries involved the upper limbs when compared to men who had more injuries to the lower limbs, while other studies did not find differences in terms of gender. Conclusions: Table tennis is generally considered at lower risk for injuries than other sports. However, the present scoping review showed that injuries can occur and affect a variety of anatomic regions. Sports scientists/physicians could utilize the information contained in the current review for devising ad hoc programs to adopt an effective/appropriate prevention strategy and to monitor table tennis players’ training load and to achieve maximal fitness, as these will reduce the risk of injuries. However, most of the studies included in our scoping review are methodologically weak or of low-to-moderate evidence, being anecdotal or clinical case reports/case series, warranting caution when interpreting our findings and, above all, further high-quality research in the field is urgently needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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Other

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16 pages, 713 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Patients with Exercise-Induced Leg Pain

by Alejandro Castillo-Domínguez, Jerónimo C. García-Romero, José Ramón Alvero-Cruz, Tomás Ponce-García, Javier Benítez-Porres and Joaquín Páez-Moguer

Medicina 2022, 58(7), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070841 - 23 Jun 2022

Viewed by 2712

Abstract

Background and Objectives: To determine the most commonly used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in exercise-induced leg pain (EILP) and to identify specific PROMs for EILP in order to evaluate their psychometric properties and methodological quality. Materials and Methods: A strategic search was performed in different databases to identify and extract the characteristics of studies based on the use of PROMs in patients with EILP. Specific PROMs were evaluated according to the Terwee et al. and COSMIN criteria. Results: Fifty-six studies were included in the review. The Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Score (MTSSS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and Exercise-Induced Leg Pain Questionnaire (EILP-Q) were identified as specific PROMs for EILP. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was the most widely used instrument in the assessment of EILP. The methodological quality assessment showed six positive values for the LEFS, four for the MTSSS and three for the EILP-Q for the eight psychometric properties analyzed according to the COSMIN criteria. The evaluation of the nine psychometric properties according to Terwee showed five positive values for the LEFS and MTSSS, and three for the EILP-Q. Conclusions: The overall methodological quality of the PROMs used was low. The VAS was the most widely used instrument in the assessment of EILP, and the LEFS was the highest quality PROM available for EILP, followed by the MTSSS and EILP-Q, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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8 pages, 1566 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Treatment of Navicular Stress Fracture Accompanied by Os Supranaviculare: A Case Report

by Woo-Jong Kim, Ki-Jin Jung, Eui-Dong Yeo, Hong-Seop Lee, Sung-Hun Won, Dhong-Won Lee, Jae-Young Ji, Sung-Joon Yoon and Yong-Cheol Hong

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010027 - 24 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 14240

Abstract

Navicular stress fractures (NSFs) are relatively uncommon, and predominantly affect athletes. Patients complain of vague pain, bruising, and swelling in the dorsal aspect of the midfoot. Os supranaviculare (OSSN) is an accessory ossicle located above the dorsal aspect of the talonavicular joint. There have been few previous reports of NSFs accompanied by OSSN. Herein we report the case of a patient with OSSN who was successfully treated for an NSF. A 34-year-old Asian man presented with a 6-month history of insidious-onset dorsal foot pain that occasionally radiated medially toward the arch. The pain worsened while sprinting and kicking a soccer ball with the instep, whereas it was temporarily relieved by rest for a week and analgesics. Plain radiographs of the weight-bearing foot and ankle joints revealed a bilateral, well-corticated OSSN. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a sagittally oriented incomplete fracture that extended from the dorsoproximal cortex to the center of the body of the navicular. The OSSN was excised and the joint was immobilized with a non-weight-bearing cast for 6 weeks, followed by gradual weight bearing using a boot. The 5-month follow-up CT scan demonstrated definite fracture healing. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient’s symptoms had resolved, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot score had improved from 61 to 95 points, and the visual analog scale pain score had improved from 6 to 0. We describe a rare case of NSF accompanied by OSSN. Because of the fracture gap and biomechanical properties of OSSN, OSSN was excised and the joint was immobilized, leading to a successful outcome. Further research is required to evaluate the relationship between NSFs and OSSN, and determine the optimal management of NSFs in patients with OSSN. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Injury Mechanisms in Sports Injuries)

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