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Medicina
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Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity
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Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2021) | Viewed by 22790

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gaia Pellegrini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Interests: wound healing; histology; biomarkers; bone; gingiva; biomaterial; periodontal disease; tissue engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial disease caused by bacterial infection that elicits an immune response of the host. This inflammatory disease is affected by patient related factors (patient's genetic content or other epidemiologic, sociologic, molecular, physiologic, or cellular conditions) that interfere with the development and progression of periodontal lesions. The response of this tissue to injury has been studied at a molecular level, and soluble biological markers have been detected in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva allowing researchers and clinicians to describe the actual status of the periodontal condition.

In recent years, the concept of personalized medicine has been raised. This approach contemplates the integration of data on patient-related factors with those coming from the analysis of soluble biomarkers, with the aim to reduce diagnostic, therapeutic, and maintenance programs according to the biological and clinical specificity of each patient.

This Special Issue of Medicina entitled “Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity” welcomes the submission of basic or clinical original articles, as well as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and overviews, that investigate the pathogenetic mechanism and patient-related factors affecting periodontal disease as well as clinical procedures proposed with a view to personalized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. 

Dr. Gaia Pellegrini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • periodontal disease
  • periodontitis
  • etiopathogenesis
  • therapy
  • diagnosis
  • personalized medicine
  • precision medicine
  • biomarkers

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 8883 KiB  
Article
Effects of Vitamin and Amino Acid-Enriched Hyaluronic Acid Gel on the Healing of Oral Mucosa: In Vivo and In Vitro Study
by Elena Canciani, Riccardo Sirello, Gaia Pellegrini, Dolaji Henin, Mariachiara Perrotta, Marilisa Toma, Nataliya Khomchyna and Claudia Dellavia
Medicina 2021, 57(3), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030285 - 18 Mar 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3892
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Wound healing is a dynamic process that can be compromised in patients with chronic and metabolic conditions or unhealthy lifestyles. Numerous medical substances designed for topical use, charged with compounds that promote the healing process, have been developed to [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Wound healing is a dynamic process that can be compromised in patients with chronic and metabolic conditions or unhealthy lifestyles. Numerous medical substances designed for topical use, charged with compounds that promote the healing process, have been developed to improve wound healing, especially in compromised subjects. The present study aimed to extend our understanding of the in vivo effects of a hyaluronic acid gel charged with amino acids (HAplus gel, Aminogam gel® Errekappa Euroterapici spa, Milan, Italy) and study the in vitro effects of the same gel charged with additional substances in an attempt to optimize its formulation. Materials and Methods: In a randomized controlled split-mouth clinical and histological trial, HAplus gel was tested on the gingival tissue of the lower third molar post-extraction socket. The gingiva was collected at the time of extraction (T0) and ten days after the extraction (T1) to be histologically analyzed. During the second stage of the study, culture media with HAplus gel and vitamin C and E at different concentrations (TEST) were tested on human gingival fibroblasts and compared to the HAplus-enriched medium (HA-Control). Results: Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of collected gingiva showed higher microvascular density and collagen fibers organized in closely packed and well-oriented bundles in sites treated with HAplus gel. In the in vitro study, all TEST groups showed an increased viability from 24 h to 48 h. After 24 h, the viability percentage in all experimental groups was below 100% of the HA-Control, demonstrating a mild toxicity. After 48 h from seeding, the TEST groups’ viability grew significantly compared to HA-Control. Conclusions: These encouraging preliminary results suggest that the use of HAplus gel enriched with vitamins C and E may be beneficial in patients with conditions that impair soft tissue healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity)
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10 pages, 850 KiB  
Article
A Population-Based Study on the Association between Periodontal Disease and Major Lifestyle-Related Comorbidities in South Korea: An Elderly Cohort Study from 2002–2015
by Jae-Hong Lee and Seong-Nyum Jeong
Medicina 2020, 56(11), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110575 - 29 Oct 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2172
Abstract
This study determined the association between periodontal disease (PD) and major lifestyle-related comorbidities (LCs) using the database of the nationwide population-based National Health Insurance Service–Elderly Cohort 2002–2015. A nationwide representative sample comprising 558,147 participants, aged 60 years, was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic [...] Read more.
This study determined the association between periodontal disease (PD) and major lifestyle-related comorbidities (LCs) using the database of the nationwide population-based National Health Insurance Service–Elderly Cohort 2002–2015. A nationwide representative sample comprising 558,147 participants, aged 60 years, was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and economic factors (sex, age, household income, insurance status, health status, and living area) and major LCs (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, cerebral infarction, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, erectile dysfunction, lipoprotein disorder, and obesity) were used to determine the association between PD and major LCs. Elderly participants with PD had a higher risk of major LCs (hypertension: odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, diabetes mellitus: OR = 1.22, rheumatoid arthritis: OR = 1.16, osteoporosis: OR = 1.37, erectile dysfunction: OR = 1.73, lipoprotein disorder: OR = 1.50, and obesity: OR = 1.59). Our longitudinal cohort study provided evidence that PD was significantly associated with major LCs in elderly participants. In particular, the association between PD and erectile dysfunction had the highest OR in the multivariate analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity)
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11 pages, 349 KiB  
Article
Parkinson’s Disease, Periodontitis and Patient-Related Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Patrícia Lyra, Vanessa Machado, Luís Proença, Josefa Domingos, Catarina Godinho, José João Mendes and João Botelho
Medicina 2020, 56(8), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080383 - 30 Jul 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2978
Abstract
Background and objectives: People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be at risk of having bad periodontal status. A consistent periodontal examination is critical to investigate how it impacts on PD quality of life. We aimed to assess the periodontal status of people with [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be at risk of having bad periodontal status. A consistent periodontal examination is critical to investigate how it impacts on PD quality of life. We aimed to assess the periodontal status of people with PD, and its association with quality of life and self-perceived xerostomia. Materials and Methods: To this end, from February to March 2020, we consecutively enrolled 28 PD individuals, and motor and non-motor symptoms of PD were assessed using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). We performed full-mouth periodontal examination and gathered information on self-perceived quality of life in PD, oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and xerostomia. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis was 75.0% and most cases were identified as severe (46.4%). Upper extremity rigidity, hand posture and kinetic tremors were significantly correlated with worse periodontal status. PDQ-8 showed to be correlated with self-perceived oral health-related quality of life and xerostomia levels. Conclusions: This group of people with PD had a high prevalence of periodontitis. Deteriorated levels of the upper extremities in advanced stages of PD were associated with worse periodontal status and hygiene habits. Quality of life in PD appears to be associated with self-perceived OHRQoL and xerostomia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity)

Review

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11 pages, 1027 KiB  
Review
A Roadmap towards Precision Periodontics
by Mia Rakic, Natasa Pejcic, Neda Perunovic and Danilo Vojvodic
Medicina 2021, 57(3), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030233 - 3 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3957
Abstract
Periodontitis is among the most common health conditions and represents a major public health issue related to increasing prevalence and seriously negative socioeconomic impacts. Periodontitis-associated low-grade systemic inflammation and its pathological interplay with systemic conditions additionally raises awareness on the necessity for highly [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is among the most common health conditions and represents a major public health issue related to increasing prevalence and seriously negative socioeconomic impacts. Periodontitis-associated low-grade systemic inflammation and its pathological interplay with systemic conditions additionally raises awareness on the necessity for highly performant strategies for the prevention and management of periodontitis. Periodontal diagnosis is the backbone of a successful periodontal strategy, since prevention and treatment plans depend on the accuracy and precision of the respective diagnostics. Periodontal diagnostics is still founded on clinical and radiological parameters that provide limited therapeutic guidance due to the multifactorial complexity of periodontal pathology, which is why biomarkers have been introduced for the first time in the new classification of periodontal and peri-implant conditions as a first step towards precision periodontics. Since the driving forces of precision medicine are represented by biomarkers and machine learning algorithms, with the lack of periodontal markers validated for diagnostic use, the implementation of a precision medicine approach in periodontology remains in the very initial stage. This narrative review elaborates the unmet diagnostic needs in periodontal diagnostics, the concept of precision periodontics, periodontal biomarkers, and a roadmap toward the implementation of a precision medicine approach in periodontal practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity)
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20 pages, 5287 KiB  
Review
Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Single and Multiple Coronally Advanced Flap for Type 1 Recession: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Leonardo Mancini, Francesco Tarallo, Vincenzo Quinzi, Adriano Fratini, Stefano Mummolo and Enrico Marchetti
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57020144 - 5 Feb 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3671
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of leukocyte–platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in addition to coronally advanced flap (CAF) for the treatment of both single and multiple gingival recessions (GRs) compared to the [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of leukocyte–platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in addition to coronally advanced flap (CAF) for the treatment of both single and multiple gingival recessions (GRs) compared to the CAF alone and to the adjunct of connective tissue graft (CTG). Root coverage outcomes using platelet concentrates have gained increased interest. In particular, it has been suggested that adding L-PRF to CAF may provide further benefits in the treatment of GRs. Materials and Methods: An electronic and manual literature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RTCs) investigating root coverage outcomes with CAF + L-PRF. The outcomes of interest included mean root coverage (mRC), recession reduction, keratinized tissue width (KTW) gain, gingival thickness (GT) gain, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROms) such as pain perception and discomfort. Results: A total of 275 patients and 611 surgical sites were analyzed. L-PRF in adjunct to single CAF seems to show statistically significant results regarding clinical attachment level (CAL) with a weighted means (WM) 0.43 95% CI (−0.04, 0.91), p < 0.0001, GT (WM 0.17 95% CI (−0.02, 0.36), p < 0.0001, and mRC (WM 13.95 95% CI (−1.99, 29.88) p < 0.0001, compared to single CAF alone. Interesting results were obtained from the adjunct of PRF to multiple CAF with respect to multiple CAF alone with an increase in the mRC WM 0.07 95% CI (−30.22, 30.35), p = 0.0001, and PPD change WM 0.26 95% CI (−0.06, 0.58), p < 00001. On the other hand, no statistically significant data were obtained when L-PRF was added to single or multiple CAF combined with CTG according to the included outcomes such as mRC (p = 0.03 overall). Conclusions: L-PRF is a valid alternative to CAF alone. L-PRF compared to CTG in single and multiple CAF showed statistically significant results regarding pain perception and discomfort PROms (p < 0.0001). However, CTG remains the gold standard for treating gingival recession. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity)
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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 1011 KiB  
Review
Periodontitis, Low-Grade Inflammation and Systemic Health: A Scoping Review
by Gennaro Cecoro, Marco Annunziata, Morena Tina Iuorio, Livia Nastri and Luigi Guida
Medicina 2020, 56(6), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56060272 - 30 May 2020
Cited by 95 | Viewed by 5174
Abstract
Background and objectives: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory infectious disease in which an infection is necessary, but not sufficient, for development of the condition. Individual susceptibility strictly linked to the immune and inflammatory response of the organism must also be present. Low-grade [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory infectious disease in which an infection is necessary, but not sufficient, for development of the condition. Individual susceptibility strictly linked to the immune and inflammatory response of the organism must also be present. Low-grade inflammation (LGI) is a systemic status of chronic sub-clinical production of inflammatory factors. This condition represents a risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. This scoping review aims to clarify, summarize and disseminate current knowledge on the possible link between periodontitis, LGI and systemic health. Materials and Methods: PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were followed. An ad-hoc created keyword string was used to search the electronic databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov. A hand search of specialized journals and their reference lists was also performed. Results: 14 studies that respected eligibility criteria were selected and analyzed. There is emerging evidence of strong links between periodontitis, LGI and systemic health. On the one hand, periodontitis influences the systemic status of LGI and on the other hand, the systemic production of inflammatory factors affects periodontitis with a bidirectional connection. Conclusions: LGI and the subsequent onset of a systemic inflammatory phenotype can be considered the common substrate of many chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis, with multiple mutual connections between them. Understanding of the biological principles and mechanisms underlying such a complex interrelationship could lead to significant improvements in the field of personalized diagnostics and therapeutic protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Periodontics: From Basic Research to Clinical Activity)
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