Metabolomic Studies of the Human Gut Microbiome

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2014)

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Research Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Interests: nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite tremendous advances in characterizing the microbial diversity within the gastrointestinal tract, very little is known about the function and role of even the most dominant bacterial species within the human host. It is becoming widely accepted that the metabolic products formed by gut bacteria directly impact on human health and disease, particularly regarding immune response and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that these metabolites play an important role in the development of many diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In most cases, the products of metabolism are uncharacterized and their mechanism of action unknown. This Special Issue of Metabolites “Metabolomic Studies of the Human Gut Microbiome” will be dedicated to areas of research, which use metabolomic methodologies to establish the link between microbial diversity and metabolic functionality. The topics that will be covered by this Special Issue will be those that address identifying microbial metabolites, particularly at their in vivo concentrations, establishing their mechanism of formation and the bacterial species responsible. Metabolites produced by both commensal and pathogenic gut bacteria will be of interest, as will the gut-derived systemic metabolites. There will be a focus on aspects that influence the microbial metabotype, including; genetic factors, diet, BMI, physical activity, non-dietary xenobiotics (e.g. drugs, pollutants), oxidative stress, aging and disease.

Dr. Wendy Roslyn Russell
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • microbial communities
  • quantitative metabolomics
  • microbial-derived gut metabolites
  • microbial-derived systemic metabolites
  • metabolic modelling
  • LC-MS, GC-MS and NMR
  • multivariate analysis; data integration

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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Article
Towards the Fecal Metabolome Derived from Moderate Red Wine Intake
by Ana Jiménez-Girón, Irene Muñoz-González, Pedro J. Martínlvarez, María Victoria Moreno-Arribas and Begoña Bartolomé
Metabolites 2014, 4(4), 1101-1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo4041101 - 19 Dec 2014
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 9017
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols, including red wine phenolic compounds, are extensively metabolized during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract; and their biological effects at the gut level (i.e., anti-inflammatory activity, microbiota modulation, interaction with cells, among others) seem to be due more to [...] Read more.
Dietary polyphenols, including red wine phenolic compounds, are extensively metabolized during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract; and their biological effects at the gut level (i.e., anti-inflammatory activity, microbiota modulation, interaction with cells, among others) seem to be due more to their microbial-derived metabolites rather than to the original forms found in food. In an effort to improve our understanding of the biological effects that phenolic compounds exert at the gut level, this paper summarizes the changes observed in the human fecal metabolome after an intervention study consisting of a daily consumption of 250 mL of wine during four weeks by healthy volunteers (n = 33). It assembles data from two analytical approaches: (1) UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of phenolic metabolites in fecal solutions (targeted analysis); and (2) UHPLC-TOF MS analysis of the fecal solutions (non-targeted analysis). Both approaches revealed statistically-significant changes in the concentration of several metabolites as a consequence of the wine intake. Similarity and complementarity between targeted and non-targeted approaches in the analysis of the fecal metabolome are discussed. Both strategies allowed the definition of a complex metabolic profile derived from wine intake. Likewise, the identification of endogenous markers could lead to new hypotheses to unravel the relationship between moderate wine consumption and the metabolic functionality of gut microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Studies of the Human Gut Microbiome)
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Review

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Review
The Role of Colonic Bacteria in the Metabolism of the Natural Isoflavone Daidzin to Equol
by Fatemeh Rafii
Metabolites 2015, 5(1), 56-73; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo5010056 - 14 Jan 2015
Cited by 161 | Viewed by 14901
Abstract
Isoflavones are found in leguminous plants, especially soybeans. They have a structural similarity to natural estrogens, which enables them to bind to estrogen receptors and elicit biological activities similar to natural estrogens. They have been suggested to be beneficial for the prevention and [...] Read more.
Isoflavones are found in leguminous plants, especially soybeans. They have a structural similarity to natural estrogens, which enables them to bind to estrogen receptors and elicit biological activities similar to natural estrogens. They have been suggested to be beneficial for the prevention and therapy of hormone-dependent diseases. After soy products are consumed, the bacteria of the intestinal microflora metabolize isoflavones to metabolites with altered absorption, bioavailability, and estrogenic characteristics. Variations in the effect of soy products have been correlated with the isoflavone metabolites found in plasma and urine samples of the individuals consuming soy products. The beneficial effects of the soy isoflavone daidzin, the glycoside of daidzein, have been reported in individuals producing equol, a reduction product of daidzein produced by specific colonic bacteria in individuals called equol producers. These individuals comprise 30% and 60% of populations consuming Western and soy-rich Asian diets, respectively. Since the higher percentage of equol producers in populations consuming soy-rich diets is correlated with a lower incidence of hormone-dependent diseases, considerable efforts have been made to detect the specific colonic bacteria involved in the metabolism of daidzein to the more estrogenic compound, equol, which should facilitate the investigation of the metabolic activities related to this compound. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Studies of the Human Gut Microbiome)
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