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Today and Tomorrow of Processing Techniques for Metal Powders: Properties...
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Today and Tomorrow of Processing Techniques for Metal Powders: Properties and Applications

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Powder Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 7871

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ana Romero Gutiérrez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering,University of Castilla La Mancha,School of Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, 45071 Toledo, Spain
Interests: development of new materials (metallic and metal and polymeric matrix composites), their characterization (physical, mechanical and magnetic); materials processing by high energy techniques; powder metallurgy and advanced manufacturing techniques such as powder injection moulding and additive manufacturing
Prof. Dr. Gloria P. Rodríguez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering, University of Castilla La Mancha, School of Industrial Engineering, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
Interests: material science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, there is a greater awareness and promotion of the moderate use of raw materials, while there is a need to manufacture complex and customized products with high performance in service. Powder metallurgical techniques often represent a great advance in this challenge, since these are manufacturing technologies with little material waste that at the same time can provide a certain geometric complexity to the pieces, with the application of zero or minimal techniques of post-treatment.

High precision homogeneous products and final components, with high performance in service, without porosity or with controlled porosity, can be processed using powder metallurgical techniques. In addition, the use of these techniques can provide an economic advantage and significant energy and material savings, from the production of large series of small parts of high geometric complexity, for example, via metal injection moulding, to the production of custom parts and rapid prototypes via additive manufacturing. For this reason, these are technologies of today and tomorrow, whose benefits we should expand and exploit as far as possible.

This Special Issue focuses on recent advances in metal powder processing techniques, including powder metallurgy, metal injection moulding, additive manufacturing, sinter-forging, any technique that improves the sintered material properties, and so on. It also seeks to expand knowledge about new routes and applications for metal powder processing.

Dr. Ana Romero Gutiérrez
Prof. Dr. Gloria P. Rodríguez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • powder metallurgy
  • advanced powder technology
  • new routes and applications for metal powder processing
  • material characterization
  • functional parts

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3644 KiB  
Article
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintering of Tantalum-Tungsten Alloy
by Dong Yu, Xianlei Bi, Lei Xing and Qiaoxin Zhang
Metals 2023, 13(3), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030533 - 7 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1572
Abstract
Due to the rapid sintering and densification, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology can significantly inhibit grain coarsening, and obtain alloy with high density and uniform microstructure. Tantalum-tungsten (Ta-W) alloy had been fabricated by powder metallurgy and consolidated by SPS at temperature of 1600 [...] Read more.
Due to the rapid sintering and densification, spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology can significantly inhibit grain coarsening, and obtain alloy with high density and uniform microstructure. Tantalum-tungsten (Ta-W) alloy had been fabricated by powder metallurgy and consolidated by SPS at temperature of 1600 °C for 5 min at the pressure of 35 MPa. Specimens of pure Ta and four tantalum-based alloys with different concentrations of tungsten ranging from 2.5 to 10 were used to investigate the behavior of developed alloys. X-ray diffraction analyses were applied for all compositions of Ta-W alloys. The morphology of fracture sections was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphologies of initial Ta and W powders, microstructures of sintering Ta-W alloy and tensile fractographs of the specimens with different components were observed. When the concentrations of tungsten were distributed with 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 7.5 wt% and 10 wt%, the measured densities were 16.151 g/cm3, 15.756 g/cm3, 15.711 g/cm3, 15.665 g/cm3 and 15.670 g/cm3 respectively. As the content of tungsten increased, the density of the alloy decreased and the grain was refined, meanwhile the micro-hardness of the samples increased gradually. Furthermore, the addition of tungsten could greatly enhance the strength of the alloys, but decrease the plasticity of the alloys. Ta-2.5 wt%W shows the maximum bending strength with a value of 832.29 MPa, while the percentage of transgranular fracture increased with the increase of tungsten content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Today and Tomorrow of Processing Techniques for Metal Powders: Properties and Applications)
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13 pages, 5554 KiB  
Article
Low-Voltage Capacitor Electrical Discharge Consolidation of Iron Powder
by Rosa María Aranda, Fátima Ternero, Beatriz Aranda, Juan Manuel Montes and Francisco G. Cuevas
Metals 2022, 12(9), 1461; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091461 - 31 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1371
Abstract
Commercially pure iron powder has been processed by the capacitor electrical discharge consolidation technique. This consolidation technique applies an external pressure and, at the same time, heats a metallic powder mass by the Joule effect of a high-voltage and high-intensity electric current. In [...] Read more.
Commercially pure iron powder has been processed by the capacitor electrical discharge consolidation technique. This consolidation technique applies an external pressure and, at the same time, heats a metallic powder mass by the Joule effect of a high-voltage and high-intensity electric current. In this work, a capacitor charged at low voltage has been used instead. The effect of the initial porosity of the Fe powder mass, i.e., of the precompaction pressure, and the number of discharges from the capacitor have been studied. The densification and remaining porosity, the sintering level, the Vickers microhardness, and the electrical resistivity of the sintered compacts have been studied. Compacts sintered by the conventional powder metallurgy route of cold pressing and furnace sintering were also prepared for comparison. Results show that a high initial porosity provides a high electrical resistance in the powder column, a necessary requisite for the Joule effect to increase densification with the number of discharges. Thus, the final porosity decreases to 0.22 after 50 discharges in the powder mass with an initial porosity of 0.30. With this initial porosity, the sintering process increases Vickers microhardness from 29 to 51 HV10 and decreases the electrical resistivity of the powder mass from 3.53 × 10−2 to 5.38 × 10−4 Ω·m. An initial porosity of 0.2 does not make the compacts densify, but a certain bond between particles is attained, increasing microhardness and decreasing electrical resistivity as the number of discharges increases. Lower initial porosities make the powder mass behave as an electrical conductor with no appreciable changes even after 50 electrical discharges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Today and Tomorrow of Processing Techniques for Metal Powders: Properties and Applications)
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15 pages, 48227 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Ti–Al Bimodal Powder for High Flowability Feedstock by Electrical Explosion of Wires
by Marat Lerner, Alexander Pervikov, Elena Glazkova, Nikolay Rodkevich, Konstantin Suliz, Sergey Kazantsev, Nikita Toropkov and Olga Bakina
Metals 2022, 12(3), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030478 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
In this research, Ti–Al bimodal powders were produced by simultaneous electrical explosion of titanium and aluminum wires. The resulting powders were used to prepare powder–polymer feedstocks. Material characterization involving X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy [...] Read more.
In this research, Ti–Al bimodal powders were produced by simultaneous electrical explosion of titanium and aluminum wires. The resulting powders were used to prepare powder–polymer feedstocks. Material characterization involving X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and melt flow index (MFI) determination were carried out to characterize bimodal powders obtained and evaluate the influence of the powder composition on the feedstock flowability. The bimodal distribution of particles in powders has been found to be achieved at a current density of 1.2 × 107 A/cm2 (the rate of energy input is 56.5 J/μs). An increase in the current density to 1.6 × 107 A/cm2 leads to a decrease in the content of micron particles and turning into a monomodal particle size distribution. The use of bimodal powders for powder–polymer feedstocks allows to achieve higher MFI values compared with monomodal powders. In addition, the use of electroexplosive synthesis of bimodal powders makes it possible to achieve a homogeneous distribution of micro- and nanoparticles in the feedstock. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Today and Tomorrow of Processing Techniques for Metal Powders: Properties and Applications)
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18 pages, 63997 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Production of Powder Metallurgy Aluminum Foams Sintered by Concentrated Solar Energy
by Antonio Cañadilla, Ana Romero and Gloria P. Rodríguez
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1544; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101544 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2478
Abstract
Porous aluminum foams were successfully fabricated following the space-holder powder metallurgy method with a solar sintering stage. Al foams with porosities of 50, 60, and 70 vol.% were sintered in a low-cost Fresnel lens. Green parts were prepared using aluminum powder as the [...] Read more.
Porous aluminum foams were successfully fabricated following the space-holder powder metallurgy method with a solar sintering stage. Al foams with porosities of 50, 60, and 70 vol.% were sintered in a low-cost Fresnel lens. Green parts were prepared using aluminum powder as the main metallic material and saccharose as a soluble space-holder. The dissolution stage was designed for each foam and required longer periods of time, between 8 and 32 h, as the design porosity increased. Brown parts were fully sintered by concentrated solar energy at a lower temperature (500 °C) and for shorter times (12–20 min) than those required by conventional sintering techniques (640 °C, ~9 h). The evaluation of density and the characterization of pore size and distribution in the sintered foams was carried out. All obtained foams were stable and presented a homogeneously distributed porosity, very close to the design porosity, with differences lower than 2.1 vol.%, and with approximately half being characterized as open porosity. Moreover, the solar sintered foams presented a high quality, and similar or even greater mechanical properties (such as compressive strength and impact energy absorption) than those achieved by conventional techniques. Foams with 50 vol.% of porosity exhibited the best mechanical behavior, in terms of impact-energy absorption (24.42 MJ/m3) and compressive strength (27.4 MPa). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Today and Tomorrow of Processing Techniques for Metal Powders: Properties and Applications)
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