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Metals
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Welding and Joining of Dissimilar Materials
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Welding and Joining of Dissimilar Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Welding and Joining".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 10675

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Peihao Geng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
Interests: friction-based solid-state welding or joining; dissimilar joints; hybrid welding; laser welding; finite element simulation
Dr. Hong Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: fusion-brazing welding; friction-based solid-state welding; dissimilar metals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing demand for multimaterial hybrid structures as high-performance and multi-functional components in diverse areas, including automobiles, aerospace, civil engineering, etc., has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of researchers in welding and joining dissimilar materials. With the rapid development of science and technology, novel welding and joining technologies for obtaining sound dissimilar materials joints, including metallic/metallic and metallic/non-metallic materials joints, have been proposed. Nevertheless, the successful development of high-quality welding and joining techniques cannot be realized without an in-depth understanding of the bonding mechanisms, especially at the welded/joined zone.

This Special Issue aims to provide an excellent opportunity for those who are studying and working on advanced welding or joining of dissimilar materials to present their cutting-edge research progress. Research papers, review articles, and communications relating to the process, theory, simulation of welding or joining processes of dissimilar materials and the related practice of dissimilar materials joint structures are all very welcome.

Dr. Peihao Geng
Dr. Hong Ma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solid-state welding
  • fusion welding
  • joining
  • hybrid welding
  • dissimilar materials
  • microstructure
  • simulation
  • property

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6503 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Microstructure and Properties in Cold Rotary Swaged Copper-Clad Magnesium Wires
by Wei Tian, Fuwei Zhang, Shengli Han, Xiaohong Chen, Pengfei Gao and Kaihong Zheng
Metals 2023, 13(3), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030467 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1475
Abstract
The copper-clad magnesium composite wire with a diameter of 3.12 mm and good interface bonding was prepared by cold rotary swaging. The effects of cold rotary swaging and annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of the wire were studied by electron backscatter diffraction, [...] Read more.
The copper-clad magnesium composite wire with a diameter of 3.12 mm and good interface bonding was prepared by cold rotary swaging. The effects of cold rotary swaging and annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of the wire were studied by electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, as well as mechanical and electrical properties tests. The results show that the multi-pass cold rotary swaging composite has a great effect on grain refinement, microstructure recovery and structural unit reorientation, and can also make the wire obtain good interfacial bonding quality, improve mechanical properties, and the tensile strength can reach 289 MPa. The width of the interface layer widened with the increase of temperature, and the increase improved significantly at annealing temperatures of 450 °C and 500 °C, and the intermetallic compounds Mg2Cu and MgCu2 were found in the longitudinal section of the wire, respectively. After a reasonable annealing process of 400 °C/1 h, the interface layer did not thicken significantly, and the ductility and conductivity of the wire were the best, and the elongation after fracture and conductivity could reach 17% and 81.1% IACS, which increased by 15.2% and 3.8% compared with before annealing, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining of Dissimilar Materials)
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12 pages, 6481 KiB  
Article
Structure–Property Relationship in High-Strength Aluminum Alloys/Stainless Steel Brazed Joints
by Vasilii Fedorov, Thomas Uhlig and Guntram Wagner
Metals 2023, 13(2), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020242 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1454
Abstract
In many industrial sectors, for example, aerospace, automotive and high-performance electronic industries, there is a significant need to join dissimilar materials. In the case of medium-strength aluminum alloys, joints are commonly manufactured using Al-Si brazing fillers with a melting temperature of 575 °C. [...] Read more.
In many industrial sectors, for example, aerospace, automotive and high-performance electronic industries, there is a significant need to join dissimilar materials. In the case of medium-strength aluminum alloys, joints are commonly manufactured using Al-Si brazing fillers with a melting temperature of 575 °C. In comparison to medium-strength aluminum alloys, high-strength aluminum alloys exhibit lower melting temperatures. Therefore, the joining possibilities are limited. Due to the lower melting temperature of about 500 °C, Al-Ag-Cu brazing fillers allow the joining of these alloys. In this study, high-strength aluminum alloys/stainless steel joints were produced via induction brazing and vacuum furnace brazing. The mechanical properties of the joints were determined using tensile shear tests as well as fatigue tests at ambient temperature. The joints produced via induction brazing at 520 °C without holding time reached a maximum tensile shear strength of 32 MPa. The joints failed in the braze metal close to the reaction zone. The joints brazed in the vacuum furnace at 540 °C for 10 min reached a maximum tensile shear strength of 18 MPa. The fractures occurred in the reaction zone, especially inside the Al7Fe2Si intermetallic layer. The thickness of the intermetallic layers as well as the reaction zone had a significant influence on the joining strength and the fracture mechanism of the brazed joints. The results of the fatigue tests showed that the joints brazed without holding time achieved the defined limited number of cycles of 1 × 107 at a stress amplitude of 4 MPa. For all the fatigue-tested samples, the fracture occurred in the braze metal, especially in the eutectic. Hence, the reaction zone does not significantly influence the fracture mechanism of high-strength aluminum alloy/stainless steel brazed joints during cyclic loading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining of Dissimilar Materials)
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18 pages, 12816 KiB  
Article
Joining Stainless-Steel AISI 304 and High-Strength Aluminum Alloy AA 6082 by Brazing Using Al-Ge-Si Foils
by Alexander Ivannikov, Anton Abramov, Nikita Popov, Milena Penyaz, Alexey Suchkov, Natalia Pukhareva and Oleg Sevryukov
Metals 2023, 13(1), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010149 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2011
Abstract
An Al-40.0Ge-3.4Si wt.% alloy foil with a thickness of 50 ± 5 μm, obtained via an ultrafast solidification method, is described in this work. A complete wetting of the aluminum alloy substrate with a wetting angle of 0° is observed, and the formation [...] Read more.
An Al-40.0Ge-3.4Si wt.% alloy foil with a thickness of 50 ± 5 μm, obtained via an ultrafast solidification method, is described in this work. A complete wetting of the aluminum alloy substrate with a wetting angle of 0° is observed, and the formation of a drop with a wetting angle of 30 ± 5° is observed on the steel substrate. Similar and dissimilar brazed joints of aluminum alloy AA 6082 and stainless-steel AISI 304 are obtained. The microstructure of the AA 6082/AA 6082 brazed seam is homogeneous and contains particles of an Al7Fe2Si system intermetallic compound and particles of an Al-Ge eutectic composition. The brazed seam of the AISI 304/AISI 304 joint is formed due to the formation of the Al8Fe2(Si, Cr) intermetallic compound reaction layer on the steel surface. The proposed scheme for the AISI 304/AA 6082 brazed joint formation is given. The brazed seam represents the Al8Fe2(Si, Cr) reaction layer on the steel surface, the thickness of which depends on the holding time during brazing, and the aluminum matrix of which has particles of a composition close to an Al-Ge eutectic. The obtained results could be used for the optimization of time–temperature brazing modes in order to improve the mechanical characteristics of AISI 304/AA 6082 dissimilar joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining of Dissimilar Materials)
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13 pages, 7212 KiB  
Article
Study of Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum/Steel Inertia Radial Friction Welding
by Zhongsheng Li, Zhengtao Liu, Dajun Chen, Fei Mo, Yangfan Fu, Ye Dai, Xia Wu and Dalong Cong
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2023; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122023 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1273
Abstract
In this paper, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and 30CrMnSiA steel are bonded by inertia radial friction welding (IRFW). The formation mechanism of the aluminum/steel friction welded joints and the effect of the welding parameters on the mechanical properties are investigated through the microstructure, microzone [...] Read more.
In this paper, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and 30CrMnSiA steel are bonded by inertia radial friction welding (IRFW). The formation mechanism of the aluminum/steel friction welded joints and the effect of the welding parameters on the mechanical properties are investigated through the microstructure, microzone composition, and mechanical property analysis. The results show that no visible intermetallic compound layers (IMCs) are detected on the aluminum/steel welding interface, which may be due to Si element aggregating in the welding interface and then forming a Al−Fe−Si phase, preventing the formation and growth of an Al−Fe IMCs. Eventually, a micron ultrathin interface reaction layer composed of Al0.7Fe3Si0.3, FeAl, and Fe3Al phases is formed at the aluminum/steel welding interface. The maximum average shear strength of the joint is 176 MPa. The shear fracture is a typical ductile fracture. Properly reducing the friction speed and increasing the upsetting pressure can improve the bonding strength of aluminum/steel joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining of Dissimilar Materials)
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10 pages, 5231 KiB  
Article
Effect of Structural Induced Stress on Creep of P92 Steel Pipe to Elbow Welds
by Yong Li, Lei Hu, Jialing Yan, Xiangyu Ji and Wanli Wang
Metals 2022, 12(11), 1792; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111792 - 24 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1436
Abstract
Pipe to elbow welds are usually identified as the weakest parts in the pipeline system of ultra-supercritical boilers due to the structural induced stress arising from internal steam pressure, and the constraint of supports and hangers. The finite element (FE) method has been [...] Read more.
Pipe to elbow welds are usually identified as the weakest parts in the pipeline system of ultra-supercritical boilers due to the structural induced stress arising from internal steam pressure, and the constraint of supports and hangers. The finite element (FE) method has been applied to investigate the effect of structural induced stress on creep evolution in pipe to elbow welds. The results show that compressive axial structural induced stress can significantly increase the creep strain near the pipe’s outer surface. In contrast, the creep strain near the pipe’s inner surface is clearly accelerated by tensile axial structural induced stress. Compared with free deformation conditions in the pipe ends, when subject to a compressive axial structural induced stress under −30 MPa, the equivalent creep strain in the fine-grained heat affected zone (FGHAZ) at the 12:00 position on the outer surface increases by about 13.7 times. In the case of a 30 MPa tensile axial structural induced stress, the equivalent creep strain increases by about 83.3% in the FGHAZ at the 12:00 position on the inner surface. The maximum creep strain of the pipe to elbow weld in the ultra-supercritical boiler after creep for 5000 h is 1.9% and located at the 10:30 position in the FGHAZ on the pipe’s outer surface, which makes it the weakest part of the welded joint. The location of a crack in a pipe to elbow weld after running for 20,000 h is in agreement with the simulation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining of Dissimilar Materials)
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13 pages, 2506 KiB  
Article
Influence of Beam Power on Structures and Mechanical Characteristics of Electron-Beam-Welded Joints of Copper and Stainless Steel
by Darina Kaisheva, Angel Anchev, Stefan Valkov, Vladimir Dunchev, Georgi Kotlarski, Borislav Stoyanov, Maria Ormanova, Milka Atanasova and Peter Petrov
Metals 2022, 12(5), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050737 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1891
Abstract
In this study, we present the results of electron-beam welding of joints with 304-L stainless steel and copper. The influence of the beam’s power on the structures and mechanical properties of the welded joints was studied; the experiments were realized at a beam [...] Read more.
In this study, we present the results of electron-beam welding of joints with 304-L stainless steel and copper. The influence of the beam’s power on the structures and mechanical properties of the welded joints was studied; the experiments were realized at a beam deflection of 0.3 mm to the Cu plate and beam powers of 2400, 3000, and 3600 W. The phase compositions of the obtained welded joints were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD); the microstructure and chemical composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The mechanical properties were studied by using tensile experiments and microhardness investigations. The phase compositions of the welded joints were in the forms of substitutional solid solutions between Fe, Cu, and pure copper and remained unchanged in terms of power. It was found that the microstructures changed gradually with the application of different values of the power of the electron beam. The results of the tensile tests showed higher tensile strengths at lower beam powers (i.e., 2400 and 3000 W) that dropped at 3600 W. The relative elongations rose with increases in the power of the electron beam. Moreover, it was found that the microhardnesses strongly depended on the applied technological conditions (defined by the electron beam’s power) and the corresponding microstructures of the welded joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Welding and Joining of Dissimilar Materials)
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