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Feature Papers Collection: Celebration of the First Impact Factor of Metrology

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A special issue of Metrology (ISSN 2673-8244).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 May 2026 | Viewed by 3584

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Han Haitjema

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Interests: dimensional metrology; interferometry; surface roughness; surface filtering
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Prof. Dr. Markus Bär

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Department of Mathematical Modelling and Data Analysis, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
Interests: modelling, simulation and data analysis in metrology; uncertainty quantification; inverse problems; virtual experiments/digital twins; machine learning; complex systems; fluid dynamics; computational optics; biological physics; active matter
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Prof. Dr. Samanta Piano

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Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Notinghamshire, UK
Interests: metrology; surface analysis; quantum technology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our great pleasure to announce that Metrology (ISSN 2673-8244) has received its first Impact Factor of 1.5, as published in the 2025 Edition of Journal Citation Reports^® (Clarivate), released in June 2025.

To celebrate this wonderful achievement, we are launching this Special Issue to publish top-quality papers from Editorial Board Members and leading researchers who have been invited to submit their work by the Editorial Team. Papers could be both feature-length research papers and review papers describing the current state of the art in one of the subject areas covered by the journal. All papers will be published in open access and free of charge.

If you are interested in publishing your work in this Special Issue, please contact us or the Editorial Office.

Prof. Dr. Han Haitjema
Prof. Dr. Markus Bär
Prof. Dr. Samanta Piano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metrology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

accuracy
traceability
uncertainty
new SI (the International System of Units)
quantum standards
AI in metrology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 1388 KB

Open AccessArticle

Metrological Validation of Low-Cost DS18B20 Digital Temperature Sensors Using the TH-001 Procedure: Calibration Models, Uncertainty, and Reproducibility

by Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Rama, Leticia Presa Madrigal, Alfredo Marín Lázaro, Javier Maroto Lorenzo, Ana García Laso, Jorge L. Costafreda Mustelier and Domingo A. Martín-Sánchez

Metrology 2026, 6(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology6010021 - 23 Mar 2026

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Abstract

This study presents the metrological validation of encapsulated DS18B20 digital temperature sensors. Eight units were tested, and seven were analysed (sensor 8 was excluded owing to a systematic failure). The evaluation was performed using a standard comparison calibration, where T_ref was defined as the mean of two calibrated Pt-100 probes in a Julabo DYNEO DD 601F thermostatic bath, following the TH-001 procedure of the Spanish Centre of Metrology (CEM). Four validation tests were performed: Test 1 (E1, 20 to 75 °C), Test 2 (E2, 20 to 72 °C), and with an extended range, Test 3 (E3, −12 to 86 °C) and Test 4 (E4, −12 to 86 °C; repetition to assess reproducibility relative to E3), with 10 steady-state readings per setpoint. Erroneous readings were defined and removed (probe 3, Test 4), and set points without valid readings from probe 4 above 68 °C were excluded. Without data processing, the errors were consistent with the manufacturer’s stated ±0.5 °C, despite an inter-probe bias. Several correction models were evaluated (offset, affine linear, polynomial, and segmented); the probe-specific affine linear model provided the best overall compromise, reducing MAE (Mean Absolute Error) to 0.046 to 0.130 °C and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) to 0.057 to 0.169 °C. The process uncertainty is dominated by the traceability of the Pt-100 probes and the effective nonuniformity of the isothermal volume, which limits the achievable accuracy. The results support the use of individually calibrated DS18B20 sensors for continuous monitoring, provided that the effective operating range is maintained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers Collection: Celebration of the First Impact Factor of Metrology)

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28 pages, 3926 KB

Open AccessArticle

Acoustic Emission and Machine Learning Approaches for Assessing Mechanical Degradation in Aged Unidirectional Glass Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics

by Jorge Palacios Moreno and Pierre Mertiny

Metrology 2026, 6(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology6010011 - 13 Feb 2026

Viewed by 337

Abstract

Unidirectional glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (UGFT) composite tapes are promising recyclable structural materials for applications such as composite pressure pipes. However, their durability under hydrothermal environments remains a critical concern. This study emphasizes metrology-driven evaluation of aging behavior in polypropylene-based UGFT tapes. Specimens were conditioned at 95 °C in a deionized-water environment for up to 4 weeks, and multiple complementary measurement techniques were applied to quantify degradation. Mass-change metrology was performed to characterize water uptake kinetics and establish diffusion-driven aging progression. Tensile testing enabled quantitative assessment of mechanical strength retention, defining a >25% reduction in strength as a threshold for significant deterioration. Acoustic emission (AE) acted as the central non-destructive monitoring method, capturing high-fidelity waveforms generated during loading. AE waveform descriptors, such as amplitude, rise time, and frequency content, served as measurable indicators of internal damage mechanisms including matrix cracking, interfacial debonding and fiber breakage. To process large AE datasets, principal component analysis was used for dimensionality reduction, followed by k-means clustering to group signals by damage type. Optical microscopy provided microstructural verification of these classifications. The integrated metrological framework demonstrates a reliable pathway to monitor, identify, and quantify damage evolution in hydrothermally aged UGFT structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers Collection: Celebration of the First Impact Factor of Metrology)

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30 pages, 9275 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sdr as a Key Roughness Parameter for Monitoring the Temporal Stability of Measuring Instruments: Short- and Extended-Time Uncertainties

by Clément Moreau, Julie Lemesle, François Berkmans, David Páez Margarit, Thomas Carlier, François Blateyron and Maxence Bigerelle

Metrology 2026, 6(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology6010010 - 9 Feb 2026

Viewed by 383

Abstract

This study investigates two measurement campaigns: extended time and short time, to determine the stability of roughness measurements, focusing on the Sdr parameter. Extended-time measurements were conducted using the most sensitive instrument available to follow metrological fluctuations. The results revealed that Sdr exhibits the clearest trend and the highest dispersion among all roughness parameters, making it the most relevant indicator for tracking temporal deviations. Other parameters, such as Sa, Sq, and Sds, also emerged as potential candidates. These results were validated through a stability analysis (SI), showing that Sdr is the worst stable roughness parameter. To ensure the robustness of the findings and be closer to the real conditions, a short-time assessment was performed using a dedicated measurement plan performed on multiple instruments. The results confirmed that measurement fluctuations are instrument-dependent, but similar results are found across the same technologies (CSI(S) and CSI(B)). The short-time study included a quality inspection, a drift/stability analysis employing AR (2) models on the time series data systematically and a relevance measurement assessment using ANOVA. The study was conducted using a full-scale roughness analysis and could potentially be applied to a multiscale approach. These findings highlight the ability of Sdr to monitor metrological fluctuation during a long-time acquisition and according to a dedicated measurement plan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers Collection: Celebration of the First Impact Factor of Metrology)

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22 pages, 890 KB

Open AccessArticle

Metrological Assessment of pH_T in TRIS Buffers Within Artificial Seawater: Implications for High-Salinity Reference Materials

by Raquel Quendera, Maria João Nunes, Ana Luísa Fernando, Carla Palma, Sara Moura, Olivier Pellegrino and João Alves e Sousa

Metrology 2026, 6(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology6010006 - 29 Jan 2026

Viewed by 430

Abstract

Anthropogenic CO₂ emissions drive ocean acidification through changes in the carbonate system, lowering seawater pH. In contrast, salinity variations arise from physical processes such as freshwater fluxes and circulation. This study reports the preparation and Harned cell characterization of three equimolal TRIS buffer solutions (0.01 mol·kg⁻¹, 0.025 mol·kg⁻¹, and 0.04 mol·kg⁻¹) in artificial seawater (ASW) matrices with practical salinities of 35 and 50 and temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C. Determined pH_T values achieved expanded uncertainties (

U_{{p H}_{T}}

≤ 0.006), meeting Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) “climate” quality standards. Absolute salinity (S_A) was concurrently measured via density (TEOS-10), revealing systematic deviations from practical salinity due to TRIS content. A nonlinear regression model was developed to predict pH_T as a function of salinity, temperature, and TRIS molality, with r² = 0.99998. These results provide a robust dataset for developing Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) for pH_T calibration under climate-relevant high-salinity environments at different temperature conditions, offering a practical tool for high-accuracy calibration in variable marine conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers Collection: Celebration of the First Impact Factor of Metrology)

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16 pages, 2768 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Highly Efficient, Low-Cost Microwave Resonator for Exciting a Diamond Sample from a Miniaturized Quantum Magnetometer

by André Bülau, Daniela Walter, Magnus Kofoed, Florian Janek, Volker Kible and Karl-Peter Fritz

Metrology 2025, 5(4), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology5040069 - 17 Nov 2025

Viewed by 1513

Abstract

Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds, in addition to optical excitation with green light, requires microwave excitation and thus a microwave structure. While many different microwave structures including microwave resonators have been presented in the past, none of them fulfilled the need to fit inside the miniaturized quantum magnetometer with limited space used in this work. This is why a novel microwave resonator design using commercially available printed circuit board technology is proposed. It is demonstrated that this design is of small form factor, highly power efficient and low-cost, with very good reproducibility, and in addition, it can be fabricated as a flexible printed circuit board to be bent and thus fit into the miniaturized sensor used in this work. The design choices made for the resonator and the way in which it was trimmed and optimized geometrically are presented and ODMR spectra made with a miniaturized quantum sensor in combination with such a resonator, which was fed by a microwave generator set to different microwave powers, are shown. These measurements revealed that a microwave power of −4 dBm is sufficient to excite the m_s = ±1 states of the nitrogen-vacancy centers, while exceeding −1 dBm already introduces sidebands in the ODMR spectrum. This underlines the efficiency of the resonator in exciting the nitrogen-vacancies of the diamond in the sensor platform used and can lead to development of low-power quantum sensors in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers Collection: Celebration of the First Impact Factor of Metrology)

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