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Micromachines
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Neural (Nerve) Electrode
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Neural (Nerve) Electrode

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 August 2021) | Viewed by 7045

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yijae Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Brain Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
Interests: electrochemical and biomedical devices; lab on a chip; flexible bioelectronics; neural electrode; BioMEMS/NEMS; CGMS; micro/nanostructured materials; implantable bioelectronics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the past decade, reports have emerged of novel neural (nerve) electrode technologies that enable precise, biocompatible, and long-term recording of neuronal activities. These technologies represent a useful tool for neuroscientists and clinicians, providing them with the means to probe the functionality of neural circuitry in health and modulate activity in disease states. In recent times, the neural electrode technologies have matured via a variety of mechanisms and micro/nanofabrication processes that involve brain–machine interfaces, multi-functionality (drug delivery, chemical sensing, etc.), electrode–cell interface, optoelectronic stimulation, and flexible electronics. This present Special Issue will highlight recent advances in the field of neural (nerve) electrodes.

Contributions related to the relevant technologies, neural (nerve) electrodes, novel design and fabrication methods, and applications are all welcome.

Dr. Yijae Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neural (nerve) electrode
  • flexible
  • multi-functional
  • optoelectronic
  • brain–machine interface
  • electrode–tissue interface
  • drug/inhibitor-delivery
  • design and fabrication
  • chemical sensing
  • magnetic force manipulation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 37477 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Surface Material and Illumination upon the Performance of a Microelectrode/Electrolyte Interface in Optogenetics
by Junyu Shen, Yanyan Xu, Zhengwen Xiao, Yuebo Liu, Honghui Liu, Fengge Wang, Wanqing Yao, Zhaokun Yan, Minjie Zhang, Zhisheng Wu, Yang Liu, Sio Hang Pun, Tim C. Lei, Mang I Vai, Peng Un Mak, Changhao Chen and Baijun Zhang
Micromachines 2021, 12(9), 1061; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12091061 - 31 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3018
Abstract
Integrated optrodes for optogenetics have been becoming a significant tool in neuroscience through the combination of offering accurate stimulation to target cells and recording biological signals simultaneously. This makes it not just be widely used in neuroscience researches, but also have a great [...] Read more.
Integrated optrodes for optogenetics have been becoming a significant tool in neuroscience through the combination of offering accurate stimulation to target cells and recording biological signals simultaneously. This makes it not just be widely used in neuroscience researches, but also have a great potential to be employed in future treatments in clinical neurological diseases. To optimize the integrated optrodes, this paper aimed to investigate the influence of surface material and illumination upon the performance of the microelectrode/electrolyte interface and build a corresponding evaluation system. In this work, an integrated planar optrode with a blue LED and microelectrodes was designed and fabricated. The charge transfer mechanism on the interface was theoretically modeled and experimentally verified. An evaluation system for assessing microelectrodes was also built up. Using this system, the proposed model of various biocompatible surface materials on microelectrodes was further investigated under different illumination conditions. The influence of illumination on the microelectrode/electrolyte interface was the cause of optical artifacts, which interfere the biological signal recording. It was found that surface materials had a great effect on the charge transfer capacity, electrical stability and recoverability, photostability, and especially optical artifacts. The metal with better charge transfer capacity and electrical stability is highly possible to have a better performance on the optical artifacts, regardless of its electrical recoverability and photostability under the illumination conditions of optogenetics. Among the five metals used in our investigation, iridium served as the best surface material for the proposed integrated optrodes. Thus, optimizing the surface material for optrodes could reduce optical interference, enhance the quality of the neural signal recording for optogenetics, and thus help to advance the research in neuroscience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neural (Nerve) Electrode)
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9 pages, 1768 KiB  
Article
Advanced Neural Interface toward Bioelectronic Medicine Enabled by Micro-Patterned Shape Memory Polymer
by Youngjun Cho, Heejae Shin, Jaeu Park and Sanghoon Lee
Micromachines 2021, 12(6), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060720 - 19 Jun 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3401
Abstract
Recently, methods for the treatment of chronic diseases and disorders through the modulation of peripheral and autonomic nerves have been proposed. To investigate various treatment methods and results, experiments are being conducted on animals such as rabbits and rat. However the diameter of [...] Read more.
Recently, methods for the treatment of chronic diseases and disorders through the modulation of peripheral and autonomic nerves have been proposed. To investigate various treatment methods and results, experiments are being conducted on animals such as rabbits and rat. However the diameter of the targeted nerves is small (several hundred μm) and it is difficult to modulate small nerves. Therefore, a neural interface that is stable, easy to implant into small nerves, and is biocompatible is required. Here, to develop an advanced neural interface, a thiol-ene/acrylate-based shape memory polymer (SMP) was fabricated with a double clip design. This micro-patterned design is able to be implanted on a small branch of the sciatic nerve, as well as the parasympathetic pelvic nerve, using the shape memory effect (SME) near body temperature. Additionally, the IrO2 coated neural interface was implanted on the common peroneal nerve in order to perform electrical stimulation and electroneurography (ENG) recording. The results demonstrate that the proposed neural interface can be used for the modulation of the peripheral nerve, including the autonomic nerve, towards bioelectronic medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neural (Nerve) Electrode)
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