Understanding the Interactions between HIV and Other Infections and Their Impact on Immune Function

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 344

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: HIV; infection; HIV immunology; HIV prevention; infectious disease epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Albert Florian ut 5–7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: HIV; infection; HIV immunology; HIV prevention; infectious disease epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The late diagnosis of HIV infection remains challenging in many regions of the world. This results in patients presenting AIDS-defining conditions (ADCs), such as tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, P. jiroveci, or JCV. Despite this, the diagnostics of and therapy for ADC remain understudied in the modern world.

Furthermore, even in patients on effective antiretroviral therapy, residual HIV virus replication is responsible for immune activation, which is broadly linked with a higher frequency of non-HIV-related conditions, such as cardiovascular disease or cancer.

Another important aspect is that many pathogens share the same mode of transmission as HIV, with hepatitis viruses, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections being the most pronounced.

The relationship between HIV infection, immune activation, and other pathogens profoundly influences health outcomes, posing significant challenges in clinical management. However, the precise mechanisms of these interactions remain unclear. Understanding how these viruses interact with HIV and impact immune function is essential for developing effective strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and management.

This Special Issue aims to delve into the abovementioned aspects of HIV infection and will cover topics ranging from early diagnosis and effective treatment to exploring the immunological responses and potential risks associated with co-infections.

Prof. Dr. Justyna Dominika Kowalska
Dr. Botond Lakatos
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antimicrobials
  • natural products
  • anti-biofilm strategies
  • anti-microbial resistance
  • drug delivery
  • formulations

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 7420 KiB  
Communication
Differential Epigenetic Regulation in Uninfected and Tuberculosis–Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infected Patients
by Katlego Mamabolo, Reubina Wadee, Yvonne Perner, Pumza Magangane, Sanelisiwe Thinasonke Duze and Musa Marimani
Microorganisms 2024, 12(5), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12051001 - 16 May 2024
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Abstract
This study aimed to compare the degree of epigenetic modifications between a TB-HIV co-infected cohort and uninfected subjects. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were retrieved from 45 TB-HIV co-infected and 45 control individuals. Real-time PCR was applied to compare the level of expression of [...] Read more.
This study aimed to compare the degree of epigenetic modifications between a TB-HIV co-infected cohort and uninfected subjects. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were retrieved from 45 TB-HIV co-infected and 45 control individuals. Real-time PCR was applied to compare the level of expression of genes involved in epigenetic regulation. The protein multiplex assay was used to assess the degree of protein modification. DNA sequencing was used to determine the evolutionary relationships between the infecting HIV and Mtb strains. Our results indicated a significant increase in the expression of the five candidate genes in the patients with TB-HIV relative to the control cohort. A sharp increase in the degree of histone methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation was observed in TB-HIV co-infected patients. The phylogenetic analysis classified the strains into three distinct HIV clusters and five Mtb clusters. The disparities in the expression profiles of our candidate genes between the TB-HIV cohort and non-TB-HIV group highlights the important role played by various TB and HIV strains in regulating the host gene expression landscape. Full article
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